Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > E4 Ch. 19 > Flashcards

E4 Ch. 19 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the pulmonary circuit

A

right side of heart receives oxygen-poor blood from body and pumps it to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the systemic circuit

A

left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the atria receive blood from

A

receives blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of ventricles

A

pumping chambers of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much does a typical healthy heart weight

A

250-350 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does the apex of the heart lie

A

to the left of the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the base of the heart

A

the broad posterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which ribs is the superior right of the heart located b/t

A

costal cartilage of 3rd rib and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the inferior right of the heart located

A

costal cartilage of 6th rib lateral to sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the superior left of the heart located

A

costal cartilage of 2nd rib lateral to sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the inferior left of the heart located

A

lies in the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the 2 primary layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the fibrous pericardium

A

strong layer of dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the two layers that form the serous pericardium

A

parietal layer and visceral layer of the serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the myocardium

A

consist of cardiac muscle, muscle arranged n circular and spiral patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the endocardium

A

endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue, lines the internal walls of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

though what vessels does the right atrium receive oxygen poor blood from the systemic circuit

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pectinate muscles

A

ridges inside anterior of right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

crista terminalis

A

landmark used to locate veins entering right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fossa ovalis

A

depression in interatrial septum, remnant of foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is another name for the tricuspid valve

A

atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which of the heart ventricles makes up the posterior surface

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

the ridges lining the ventricles of the heart wall

26
Q

list the functions of the cardiac skeleton

A

anchors valve cusps, precent over dilation of valve openings, main point of insertion for cardiac muscle, blocks direct spread of electrical impulses

27
Q

describe the “lub-dup” sound of valves

A

1st sound “lub”- AV valves closing

2nd sound “dup”- semilunar valves closing

28
Q

systole

A

contraction of a heart chamber

29
Q

diastole

A

expansion of a heart chamber

30
Q

how do the walls of the atria and ventricles differ in thickness

A

atria- thin walls

ventricles- thick walls

31
Q

why is the left ventricles 3X thicker than the right ventricle

A

exerts more pumping force need to pump blood to the systemic circuit which has greater resistance to blood flow

32
Q

list the 3 types of cell junctions found w/in the intercalated discs

A

desmosomes, fasciae adherens, and gap junctions

33
Q

what important chemical is used to trigger the heart to contract

A

Ca2+

34
Q

sinoatrial (SA) node

A

sets the inherent rate of contraction; HR

35
Q

describe the conducting pathway from the SA node

A

internodal pathway to AV node to AV bundle to bundle branches to purkinje fibers

36
Q

cardioinhibitory center influences what

A

parasympathetic neurons

37
Q

cardioacceleratory center influences what

A

sympathetic neurons

38
Q

function of the coronary arteries

A

blood supply to the muscular walls and tissues of the heart; right and left coronary artery

39
Q

function of coronary sinus

A

runs in the posterior part of coronary sulcus, returns majority of venus blood from the heart to the right atrium

40
Q

atherosclerosis

A

coronary artery disease; fatty deposits

41
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

42
Q

myocardial infraction

A

blocked coronary artery; heart attack

43
Q

heart failure

A

progressive weakening of the heart, cannot meet body’s demands for oxygenated blood

44
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart enlarges, pumping efficiency declines

45
Q

pulmonary arterial hypertension

A

enlargement and potential failure of right ventricle

46
Q

arrythmias

A

variation from normal heart rhythm

47
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

raid, random firing of electrical impulses in the ventricles, results from crippled conducting system, common cause of cardiac arrest

48
Q

what area of the chest is the aortic valve best heard

A

2nd intercostal space at right sternal margin

49
Q

what area of the chest is the pulmonary valve best heard

A

2nd intercostal space at left sternal margin

50
Q

what area of the chest is the tricuspid valve best heard

A

right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space

51
Q

what area of the chest is the mitral valve best heard

A

5th intercostal space in line w/ middle of clavicle

52
Q

one full cycle includes what

A

contraction and relaxation of heart is one cycle

53
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

impulses circle w/in atrial myocardium, stimulating AV node, promotes formation of clots (strokes), characterized by anxiety, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations

54
Q

list the chambers of the heart that form from tail to head

A

sinus venous, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus cordis

55
Q

what does the sinus venosus become

A

smooth-walled part of right atrium, coronary sinus, and SA node

56
Q

what does the atrium develop into

A

ridged parts of right and atria

57
Q

what does the ventricle develop into

A

gives rise to left ventricle

58
Q

what does the bulbus cordis

A

rise to the pulmonary trunk and 1st part of aorta, left ventricle

59
Q

how early can congenital heart defects be traced

A

2 months of development

60
Q

describe two basic categories of defect

A

inadequately oxygenated blood reaches body tissue, and ventricles labor under increased workload

61
Q

what are some age-related changes that happen to the heart

A

hardening/thickening of heart valve cusps, decline in cardiac reserve, and fibrosis of cardiac muscle

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions