E4 Ch. 18 Flashcards
what are the 2 divisions of the circulatory system
cardiovascular and lymphatic
blood is a transport mechanism for what
nutrients, signaling molecules, respiratory gases, waste products
how much blood is in men and women
M- 5-6 liters
F- 4-5 liters
what is hematocrit
the measure of % RBC
M- 47% +/- 5%
F- 42% +/- 5%
what is the buffy coat
portion of blood composed of leukocytes and platelets, present at junction of plasma and RBCs
how much water is found in blood plasma
90%
what are the 3 main proteins found in blood plasma
albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen
function of albumin
prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels
globulins
included antibodies and blood proteins that transport lipids, iron, and copper
fibrinogen
one of the molecules involved in chemical reactions for blood clotting
what are the different types of blood cells
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
what colors do acidic dye and basic dye stain
acidic dye- eosin; pink
basic dye-methylene blue; blue/purple
how much erythrocytes are found in men and women
M-5.2-5.8 million cells/cubic millimeter
F- 4.3-5.2 million cells/cubic millimeter
describe erythrocytes
7.5 micometer in diameter, most numerous formed element, have no organelles or nuclei, packed w/ hemoglobin
what gives blood its red color
oxidation of iron atoms of hemoglobin molecules found on erythrocytes
describe how the shape of erythrocytes contribute to respiratory function
biconcave shape increases surface area (97% hemoglobin) which allows it to pick up O2 at lung capillaries and release O2 across other tissue capillaries
amount of leukocytes (WBC) found in blood
4800-11,000/cubic millimeter
function of WBC
protect body from infectious microorganisms, function outside bloodstream in loose connective tissue
diapedesis
circulating leukocytes leave the capillaries
where do leukocytes originate from
bone marrow
what are the 2 kinds of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
how many nucleus lobes do neutrophils have and what type of stains do they pick up
2-6 lobes, pick up acidic and basic stains
function of neutrophils
attracted by bacterial products and are the 1st line of defense in inflammatory response, phagocytize and destroy bacteria, release enzymes into extracellular matrix of infected tissue
describe the physical aspects of eosinophils
large granules and stain red
function of eosinophils
play a role in ending allergic reactions by phagocytizing allergens, secrete enzymes that degrade histamines
describe basophils and its function
2 lobe nucleus, function in inflammation mediation, granules secrete histamines, direct later stages of inflammation in allergies and parasitic infections, similar function to mast cells
describe lymphocytes and its functions
nucleus stains dark purple, effective infighting infectious organism, act against specific foreign molecule (antigen), most important cells of immune system
describe the 2 main classes of lymphocyte
T cells- attack foreign cells directly
B cells- multiply to become plasma cells; secrete antibodies
describe monocytes and its function
largest leukocytes, nucleus kidney shaped, transform into macrophages; phagocytic cells
where do platelets come from
cell fragments that break off from megakaryocytes, function in blood clotting
hematopoiesis
process by which blood cells are formed in red marrow, 100 billion new blood cells formed each day
function of red marrow
actively generates new blood cells, contains immature erythrocytes
in adults where is red marrow located
b/t trabeculae of spongy bone of axial skeleton, girdles, proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur
what do lymphoid stem cells give rise to
lymphocytes
what do myeloid stem cells give rise to
all other blood cells
polycythemia
disorder of erythrocytes; abnormal excess of erythrocytes
anemia
erythrocyte levels or hemoglobin concentrations are low
sickle cell disease
inherited condition, results from defective hemoglobin molecule, erythrocytes distort into sickle shape
leukemia
disorder of leukocytes; form of cancer, classified as lymphoblastic or myeloblastic
thrombocytopenia
disorder of platelets; abnormally low concentration of platelets
