E3 pediatric nutrition Flashcards
infant weight doubles by - months
4-6
infant weight triples by __ months
12
infant length increased __% by 12 months
50
growth slow but constant:
A. Preschool (2-6)
B. Middle (7-10)
C. Adolescence (11-18)
a
steady growth
A. Preschool (2-6)
B. Middle (7-10)
C. Adolescence (11-18)
B
adipose tissue distribution begins
A. Preschool (2-6)
B. Middle (7-10)
C. Adolescence (11-18)
A
rate of weight gain increases
A. Preschool (2-6)
B. Middle (7-10)
C. Adolescence (11-18)
C
WHO growth chart ages
<2
CDC growth chart ages
2-20
T or F:
Growth is a linear process
false, no shit
3 variations on nutrition requirements slide
age
organ function
body comp
__% of a neonates basal energy expenditure is used by their brain
50
2 things listed under failure to thrive
fall of 2 major percentiles
weight <3-5th percentile
3 causes of malnutrition
inadequate caloric intake
inadequate absorption
excessive energy expenditure
Breastfeeding:
- exclusive breastfeeding for first _ months
- optimally continue for at least ____
6 months
1 year
advantages of breastfeeding for newborns (4)
optimal nutrients
dec risk of infection
dec risk of immune-mediated diseases
psychological advantages
breastfeeding advantages mother (5)
- dec post-partum bleeding
- faster time to rid of pregnancy weight
- dec risk of breast and ovarian cancer
- inc child spacing
- mother-infant bond
caloric density of breast milk
20 kcal/ounce
3 components of breast milk
lipids -> 50% calorie intake
proteins
carbs -> lactose
breastfeeding contraindications
any obvious infection like TB or HIV
use of drugs
2 main categories of drugs to avoid while breastfeeding
drugs that harm the baby
drugs that reduce milk production
High/Low oral bioavailability is more likely to be absorbed by infant
high duh
when do you use human milk fortifiers
when breast milk does not adequately meet nutritional needs
how many kcal/ounce for term formulas
19-20
T or F:
Term formulas are usually not concentrated
true, decrease water content to increase caloric content
specialty formulas kcal/ounce
22-30
2 reasons infants may require more frequent feedings
improve infant coordination
stimulate milk production
T or F:
As an infant ages you increase feeds and decrease amount
false, backwards
another name for vitamin D3
cholecalciferol
cholecalciferol in premature neonates:
<1.5kg = ___________
>1.5 kg= ___________
200 IU daily (5mcg)
200-400 IU daily (4-10mcg)
cholecalciferol in term infants:
- partially or fully breastfed = __________
- formula fed = __________
400 IU
200-400 IU daily until receiving 1000 mL/formula/day
iron supplementation in premature neonates = _______
2 mg/kg/day
iron supplementation in term infants:
if deficiency -> _______
3mg/kg/day
ferrous sulfate contains ~__% of elemental iron
20%
Zinc is a _______ ________ absorbed in the _______ _______
trace element, small intestine
normal concentration of zinc in peds
70-150
4 effects of zinc deficiency
dermatitis
diarrhea
infections
altered wound healing
T or F:
Dosing of oral or IV zinc is based on elemental zinc
true
zinc sulfate __ mg= 10 mg of elemental zinc
44
when does initiation of complementary foods typically occur (age)
6 months
how often do you introduce new foods when starting complementary foods?
1 new food every 4-5 days
T or F:
honey and cows milk are safe for children under a year old
false, idiots
holliday-segar method is used to do what
calculate fluid requirements
holliday-segar-method
Up to 10 kg: ____ mL/kg
10-20 kg: 1000 mL + __ mL/kg for every kg greater >10
>20 kg: 1500 mL + __ mL/kg for every kg greater >20
100
10
20
5 information things needed for calculating feeding requirements
- age
- postconceptional age if patient was preterm
- underlying med conditions
- current weight
- number of feedings a day
