Dual process model of thinking

Question 1

thinking and decision making

Answer 1

-complex higher-order cognitive processes
- several components of thinking- problem solving, creativity, reasoning and decision making
- decision making is the process of indentifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and prefernces of the decision-maker

Question 2

Dual process model of thinking

Answer 2

• prostulates that there are two basic modes of thinking (System 1 and System 2)
• Kahneman in 2003 proposed this information-processing approach by differntiating between independant systems .
• system 1 thinking is fast, instinctive, emotional, automatic amnd relatively unconscious
  -system 2 thinking is slower, more analytical, logical, rule-based and conscious

Question 3

System 1

Answer 3

• an automatic, intuitive and effortless way of thinkin, relatively fast and more emotional.
• employs heuristics which are mental short-cuts that involve focusing on one aspect of a complex problem and ignoring others.
• ‘fast’mode of thinking allows for efficient processing of the often complex world around us but may be prone to errors
• system 1 thinking is expected to create a greater feeling of certainty that our initial response is correct

Question 4

System 2

Answer 4

-relatively slow, conscious and rational mode of thinking, requires more effort
- thinking carefully about all of the possible ways we could interpret a situation and gradually eliminates possibilities based on sensory evidence until we arrive at a solution
- allows us to analyse the world around us and think carefully about what is happening, why it is happening, what is most likely to happen next and how we might influence the situation.
- less likely to create feelings of certitude and confidence
-enables us to override immediate automatic responses and alayse the situation in greater depth