DS - GW Basic Bricks Flashcards
Classifications of GW (4+2)
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Strategic / tactical
Surface-to-Air (SA)
Air-to-Surface / Ground (AS/AG)
Air-to-Air (AA)
Anti-Shipping Missile (ASM)
Anti-Missile Missile (AMM)
Definitions of Guided Weapons
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A weapon system in which the warhead is delivered by an unmanned guided vehicle
Name the Basic Bricks (7)
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- Structure
- Propulsion
- Guidance
- Control
- Auxiliary power
- Payload (“armanent”)
- Fuzing (“armanent”)
2 Parts of Structure
Airframe
Skin
What is the purpose of the skin on a guided
weapon? (3)
- Gives Aerodynamic Shape
- Protects Internal Parts
- Adds to Rigidity and Stability of Missile
Forces Acting on GW (7)
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- Vibration & resonance
- Aerodynamic Lift
- Aerodynamic Heating
- Acceleration Loads
- Thrust Loads
- Transportation Loads
- Drag/Dynamic Pressure
Define missile guidance.
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The ability to alter the direction of the flight of a missile after launch and able to do so until it is close to the point of impact
What are the three components of a guidance system?
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Tracking device
Computing device
Directing device
Name five types of guidance - Predetermined Guidance.
Preset Guidance Inertial Guidance Terrestrial Reference Radio navigation Celestial navigation
What are the three types of homing guidance?
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Active homing
Semi active homing
Passive homing
What are the three phases of guidance?
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Launch phase
Mid course phase
Terminal phase
What is the purpose of the directing device
Means by which commands are sent to the missile
eg radio, radar, wire and laser beam
The propulsion system requirements? (4)
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Accelerate the missile from rest
Provide sustained thrust or adequate momentum for missile to reach its maximum range
Provide a consistent level of thrust under all conditions
Not interfere with the guidance or control system
What is propulsion?
That part of the missile which provides the power to move it from launch to target
A guided missile must travel at a high speed in order to do what 3 things?
- Overtake and destroy a threat
- Avoid enemy countermeasures
- Reduce the time the missile is subject to atmospheric disturbances
What is jet propulsion?
A method of propelling a body by means of the reaction force produced by the discharge of matter from the propelled body
What are the two main functions performed by the nozzle on jet engines?
- Restrict the volume of gas flow to keep internal pressures high
- Convert heat energy of expanding gases into kinetic energy
What are the two basic types of engine?
- Air dependent (jet)– atmospheric air is being used as the oxidiser
- Air independent (rocket) – own oxygen is carried on board
What are types of air dependent engines?
- Ramjet – diffusers
- Turbojet – compressor
- Pulse jet – flaps
What are the two main categories of air independent engines?
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- Liquid fuelled
* Solid fuelled
What are the three phases of guidance missile propellant burning?
- Boost phase
- Sustainer phase
- Coast phase
Disadvantages of Guided Weapons? (6)
Cost Reliability Response time Minimum range Flight time Back-up
Types of Controlled path guidance?
Command guidance
- Command to the Line of sight - manual
- Command off the Line of sight
Beam riding
Different Homing target approaches?
- Pursuit course
- Constant bearing
- Proportional navigation
What is meant by the term “compound guidance?”
Using different types of guidance for different phases of trajectory of guided weapon
What is auxiliary power
All power required by missile in flight, other than the propulsive power
Main types of Auxiliary Power (3)
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Electrical
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Aux power - Sources of pneumatic power (3)
Compressed air or gas
Propellant gases
Ram air
When is hydraulic power preferable to other forms of auxiliary power?
When the components such as actuators operating control surfaces are subject to other high aerodynamic or high acceleration forces
Two types of hydraulic systems
One shot system
Recirculatory system
What is propulsion?
Part of the missile which provides power to move it from launch to target
To measure effectiveness, guided missile must travel at a high speed IOT do what 3 things?
Overtake and destroy a threat
Avoid enemy countermeasures
Reduce the time the missile is subject to atmospheric disturbances
What is jet propulsion?
A method of propelling a body by means of the reaction force produced by the discharge of matter from the propelled body
3 phases of GM propellant burning?
- Boost phase
- Sustainer
- Coast
2 types of sensors used in GM?
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- Gyroscopes
- Accelerometers
2 types of gyroscopes?
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- Free gyroscope
- Rate gyroscope
What is an Accelerometer?
Determines the rate of change from a reference axis
How many accelerometers are required for complete stabilization?
3
axes?
What is a pick off?
Device that produces an electrical signal due to the mechanical movement of reference
What are two basic types of pick off?
- Variable resistance
- Variable reluctance
What is the purpose of the electronic control unit (ECU)?
It receives a signal from the sensors that (the GM) requires correcting, then it processes the info and amplifies the signal to be sent to the servo motor……?
What are the types of ECU? (3)
- Amplifiers
- Controllers or Shaping elements
- Mixers
What are the main components of a servo mechanism?
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- Transducer
- Control Valve
- Actuators
What do control devices do?
Produce the change in direction of the airframe
What are the 2 basic principles that affect control?
- Aerodynamic control
- Thrust vector control
What is an aerofoil?
Body shaped for aerodynamic reaction without excessive drag
What is a fin?
Aerofoil attached to provide directional stability
What is a wing?
Aerofoil attached to missile to provide lift
What is a control surface?
Aerofoil attached to GM to change attitude of GM
What is a canard?
Configuration where control surfaces are forward of main support surfaces
What is twist and steer?
Roll stabilization by 2 horizontal wings
What are the methods of achieving variable thrust? (8)
Gimballed machine Flexible nozzle Jetavator Jet vanes Liquid injection Auxiliary jets Direct force control
What are the three factors affecting the
choice of a warhead?
- Role
- Target
- Accuracy of the missile
What are the 3 categories of warheads used in
GW?
- HE
- Special
- Non operational
List 5 types of HE warhead that are employed in
GW systems?
- HESH
- frag
- shaped charge
- sub projectile
- blast
What are the 3 types of Special Warheads?
- chemical
- biological
- nuclear
What is meant by the term “Propagation”?
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Manner in which the effect of a warhead is transmitted eg blast, fragments etc
The Safety & Arming Mechanism has three
functions what are they ?
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- Prevent accidental initiation of warhead
- Arm the warhead after firing when missile is a safe distance from operator
- Translate the fuze firing signal into a detonation wave
Examples of Electrical Aux. power? (5)
- generators / alternators
- accumulators
- thermal batteries
- mercury cells
- dry batteries
The payload and fuzing system of GW are usually referred to as the armament system, what are its basic components?
- Payload
- Fuze
- Safety and Arming Mechanism
What are the non-operational heads for use on GW?
- Drill
- Practice
- Telemetry
What are the three types of fuzes for use on GW?
- Impact
- Time
- Proximity
What is attenuation?
Reduction in effect of the warhead as distance from detonation increases
What are 2 types of controlled guidance?
Expand with 2 subtypes for the first
Command
- Command (to) Line of Sight - CLOS
- Command Off the Line Of Sight - COLOS
4 assemblies to a bi-propellant engine?
- Storage tanks
- engine
- feed system
- fuel control system
Advantages to solid propellants (6)
- immediate response when firing
- storage container for propellant
- Ease of storage and handling
- simple design
- Can be a stress bearing member
- Non Toxic
Advantage of turbojet?
NO BOOST required to get engine to operating speeds
What does SACLOS stand for?
Semi automatic Command to Line of Sight
