Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AmmoTech > 2.1.4 > Flashcards

2.1.4 Flashcards

(110 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name the types of natural fibres which may be used with ammunition and explosives?

A

Cellulose
Silk
Wool
Rubber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 main types of plastics used with ammunition? And what is the main difference between them?

A

Thermoplastic
-Can be reheated and reshaped

Thermosetting Plastics
- incapable of being again being softened by heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Engineering Plastics?

A

Higher tolerance than normal plastics

Most are fibrous reinforced which improves their performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of Paints and Varnishes?

A

Copal Varnish

Shellac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Considerations for Adhesives, Cements and Lutings(glues) ?

A 
Must not react to explosives
Must have strength and be water-resistant
Permanent
  - Adhesives or cement
Temporary
  - Luting(soft setting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is used for non-permanent seals?

A

Luting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Non-metallic materials are used with ammunition?

A 
Natural fibres
Rubbers
Plastics
Paint & varnishes
Adhesives, cement, luting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paints and Varnishes

A

Must not react with explosives
Varnishes based on bitumen
Developed for coating iron and steel surfaces
of HE stores
Cementing in cardboard closure caps
Slow drying and all excess must be removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 main types of metal

defects?

A

Mechanical
Cracking due to stress

Chemical
Corrosion due to impurities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 3 types of corrosion?

A 
Rust (Ferrous Oxide)
Aluminium Oxidation
Mazak Contamination
Cupric Azide
Zinc Exudation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you remove corrosion from cart

cases?

A

Use of white spirit or light grade emery paper

If the corrosion is severe sentence ammo according to inspection pam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Cuprous Azide Contamination?

A
  • Occurs in copper detonators
  • Lead Azide reacts in moisture to produce Hydrazoic Acid,
  • combines with copper
  • Copper (ii) Azide is a sensitive explosive

Can occur in copper detonators containing Lead Azide which when exposed to moisture liberate small amounts of Hydrazoic acid vapour which attacks the copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the DEFINITION of Corrosion?

A

CONVERSION of a metal to a non-metallic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are stresses most likely to be
formed in metal & what can aggravate
them?

A
  • formed during manufacture

- further aggravated by the environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Season Cracking?

A

Stressed areas of metal cracking

due to the affect of ammonia forming Cuprammonium during storage in either hot or cold temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of Corrosion?

A

Rust (ferrous oxide)
Aluminium Oxidation
Cupric Azide Contamination
Zinc Exudation “free copper”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Process for Inspection, Sentencing and Repair?

A

Cleaning (scouring / scrubbing)
Post Cleaning (acetone, paint)
Inspection (serviceability)
Sentencing (if unserviceable)
Reporting (details of corrosion or other defects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

METALLURGY

A

The process of producing metals by extracting
them from their base ores
•
Refining and purifying these metals
•
The study of the physical and chemical
properties of these metals
•
The mechanical working of these metals
The formation of alloys of these metals
•
Enhancing the desirable properties of these metals
and alloys to suit a particular application
•
The study of the relationship between the properties of
the structure and the use of metals and alloys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define ANODISE

A
  • An electrolytic passivation process
  • used to increase the thickness of thenatural oxide layer on the surface of metal
    parts
  • increases corrosion resistance
    and wear resistance, and provides better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define BRASS

xx

A
  • Yellow alloy of COPPER and ZINC
  • malleable and ductile and harder and stronger than copper
  • Relatively low melting point
  • Not magnetic
  • Susceptible to seasonal cracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define BRONZE

A
  • Alloy of Copper and Tin

- malleable and ductile and harder and stronger than copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define COPPER

A
  • malleable and ductile

- one of the best conductors of HEAT and ELECTRICITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Copper used in Ammunition for?

A 
Driving Bands

Detonators

Shaped charge liners

Cartridge Cases

SAA jackets (gilding Metal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define CREEP

A

A permanent change to the dimensions of a metal due to continuous stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define DUCTILE
The ability of a metal to be DRAWN OUT in to an elongated form without affecting the structure of the metal
26
Define ORE
- A native or natural mineral that can be mined - Treated for the extraction of any it constituents.
27
Define Malleability
The ability of a metal to be shaped using forces without breaking the structure of the metal
28
Metalloid
Element having some properties characteristic of metal, others of non metals. eg Arsenic, antimony
29
Define ALLOYS
Alloys are metallic substances that contain more | than one chemical element
30
Difference between Ferrous and non-ferrous
Ferrous - contains Iron | Non-ferrous - doesn't contain Iron
31
Define Steel
Iron and Carbon
32
Define LUSTRE
This a measurement of the ability of the surface of a metal | to reflect light. The reflected light is affected by surface
33
Define HARDNESS
The measure of a metal's ability to resist | deformation
34
Property of DENSITY
It is generally considered that the strength to weight ratio is more important in selecting the right metal for a particular application than purely weight.
35
Define LUSTRE
This a measurement the ability of a surface of a metal | to reflect light.
36
CO-EFFICIENT of EXPANSION
This is the measurement of the amount a metal expands at a given temperature (eg. brass expands and contracts quickly with changes of temp.)
37
What are the four main types of filling HE | Shell?
``` Casting  Pressing  Extruding  Preforming/Cocooning ```
38
What are the disadvantages of Hot/Melt | filling?
``` Shrinkage  Dusting  Cracking ```
39
What compounds are used for the coating of | the internal Shell walls?
``` Shellac  Varnish  Lacquer  Bitumen  Resin ```
40
What are the 3 methods of CASTING explosive | fillings?
``` Straight Pour  Creamed  Liquid and Biscuit ```
41
What are the 3 methods of CASTING explosive | fillings?
"pour cream into the biscuit" ``` Straight Pour  Creamed  Liquid and Biscuit ```
42
Purpose of Tracers
Emit light May be used as a Self Destruct (SD)
43
Principle requirements of tracer | composition are:
``` Luminosity . Strength . Consistency of Performance . Ease of Ignition ```
44
Name and describe two means of ignition | for tracer.
Direct Ignition . A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition. Propellant Ignition . Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.
45
Name and describe two Means of Ignition | for tracer.
Direct Ignition . A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition. Propellant Ignition . Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.
46
Name and describe two Means of Ignition | for tracer.
Direct Ignition . A cap sets back onto an anvil to initiate the igniter composition. Propellant Ignition . Ignited by hot propellant gases on firing.
47
Classification of Tracers
Tracer projectile . separate components Tracer and Igniter Projectile . includes a Self-destruct (SD) Integral Tracer Integral part of the main projectile
48
Types of Primers
Percussion | Electric
49
Design features of Primers
Produce sufficient Flash IOT Ignite Pass flash evenly Be self obturating Protect the gunpowder and propellant from moisture Flush fitted
50
Primer Components
``` Body Cap Anvil Plug Magazine ```
51
Percussion Primer Components
``` Body Cap Anvil Plug Magazine ```
52
Name the type of Obturating Systems on Primers
External Internal Employing some form of stopper in the body, which on the ignition of the Magazine effectively plugs any attempt by the gases to escape rearwards - Ball Seal - Cone/plug seal
53
Percussion Cap - Action on Firing
Striker/Firing Pin strikes the Cap  Crushes the initiating composition against the anvil  Flash passes through the Firing Channels in the anvil & plug to the Gunpowder in the Magazine  Magazine Fires, Primer Body Expands against the Cart Case, thereby ensuring external obturation  Ball or Cone is forced back into the fire channels internal Obturation
54
What are the Components of a Conducting Cap
Base Pole unit Cap Magazine
55
What are the components of the Bridge Wire Primer
Base Contact piece Bridge Magazine
56
Tubes (primer)
Used with separate loading bagged propelling charges (ie. Arty)
57
Projectile Classifications
Operational projectiles -mortar, grenade, bullet Weapon Functioning / Inspection - blank, proof, gun functioning, paper shot Training Projectiles - Prac, drill, cut-away/instructional, sub-cal
58
Projectile Terms / Types - KE
``` AP AP Capped Windshield Penetrative Cap Ballistic Cap AP Capped Ballistic Cap APDS Semi Armour Piercing (SAP) APFSDS ```
59
What is the Ogive
The shaped part of a normal projectile from the shoulder forward. It is the main radius of the head.
60
Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions
To centre projectile in bore and impart spin  To prevent the forward escape of propellant gases  To assist in prevention of slipback of the projectile when loaded at high elevations
61
Requirements for a Driving Bnd
``` No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel  Cater for change in bore diameter (wear)  Remain firmly attached to the projectile  Must not alter the ballistic shape of the projectile (engraved state)  Cause no excessive friction or bore wear  Simple to make and fit ```
62
Limitiations to Drive band Positioning
Driving band near to the base Streamline shells (Boatailed) Fixed Ammo
63
METHODS OF ATTACHMENT for Driving Bands
Split Ring | Solid Ring
64
Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions xx
To centre projectile in bore and impart spin  To prevent the forward escape of propellant gases  To assist in prevention of slipback of the projectile when loaded at high elevations
65
Driving and Rotating Bands - Functions Why are Driving Bands Required xx
To centre projectile in bore and impart spin  To prevent the forward escape of propellant gases  To prevention of slipback of the projectile when loaded at high elevations
66
Methods to Prevent Twist xx
Wavy Rib | Knurling
67
Types of Driving Bands
Orthodox Modern Double Gas Check Type Probert
68
Drive Band Slip Ring - Design description
To ensure that the spin imparted by the weapons barrel does not reach a rate that would influence the fin stabilisation of a projectile
69
Slip Ring Materials
Plastic Vulcanised Rubber Polycarbonate
70
Drive Band Slip Ring - Design description xx
To ensure that the spin imparted by the weapons barrel does not reach a rate that would influence the fin stabilisation of a projectile or reduce the effectiveness of a hollow charge
71
Types of Cartridge Systems
Breech Loading Quick Firing
72
How is separate ammunition loaded into a breech loaded gun? xx
- The projectile and charge bags are loaded into the chamber of the gun - The breech is closed to provide obturation - The tube or primer is inserted into the breech
73
Breech Loading Adv / Disadv
Less stowage problems
74
Quick Firing Systems
QF Separate QF Semi-fixed QF Fixed
75
Quick Firing Description
QF is a system in which the breech is usually closed by a simple sliding motion resulting in a higher rate of fire  Rearward obturation is provided by the Cart Case  Propelling Charge is contained in an incombustible Cart Case
76
Parts of the QF System
Cart case with Primer Propelling charge (can be charge bags) Projectile
77
Quick Firing Description
QF is a system in which the breech is usually closed by a simple sliding motion resulting in a higher rate of fire  Rearward obturation is provided by the Cart Case (also called ammunition obturation)  Propelling Charge is contained in an incombustible Cart Case
78
REQUIREMENTS OF CHARGE BAGS xx
``` Non smoulder  Non stretch  Non wear  Be insect, vermin and rot proof ```
79
Breech Loading Components
Tubes / primers Bagged charge projectile
80
Breech Loading Components xx
Tubes / primers Bagged charge projectile
81
Advantages of QF Separate
``` Less stowage problems due to length  Replace damaged Cart Case  Adjustable charge ```
82
Types of Loading systems
BL - Separate QF - Separate - Semi-fixed - Fixed
83
List the four types of bagged charges
``` Equal Cylinders  Unequal Cylinders  Stem & Segment  Stem & Ring ```
84
What are the two design principles of Bagged | Charges?
The lowest charge must be stable so it does not lose its shape - when loaded alone and cause a misfire or delay in complete ignition  The igniter, which is always fitted over the lowest charge -is made of the largest possible diameter.
85
What is the difference between a Combustible and | Consumable cart case?
CONSUMABLE. (no bang) Material that is used up during the process of the combustion of the propellant. It is an inert material and does not contribute to the explosive process.  COMBUSTIBLE. (adds to bang) Material that is capable of burning and contains ingredients that contribute significantly to the production of propellant gasses.
86
List the 7 charge types.
``` Normal Super Reduced Fractional Incremental Blank Charge De coppering charge ```
87
What are the 2 types of Recoilless Ammunition Designs? xx
Perforated CART. case Solid CART case with a bow out disc
88
What are the 2 types of Recoilless Ammunition Designs? xx
Perforated CART. case Solid CART case with a bow out disc
89
Explain the method of operation of the solid CART. case with blow out disc? xx
``` Propellant charge initiated, pressure builds up, blow out disc ruptures, the projectile is propelled forward and the propellant gases escape through the rear breech hole and out through the venturi. ```
90
Advantages of RCL Systems
``` No Recoil  Low Weight  Man Portable  Mounted on Light Vehicles ```
91
Disadvantages of RCL Systems xx
``` Flash / Dust signature (BBDA)  Low Velocity  Large Propelling Charge ```
92
Explain Rocket Assist Projectile Action xx
- Rocket cap removed prior to loading - On firing propellant gases ignite delay composition – 7 sec delay - Delay ignites rocket igniter and main rocket motor propellant - Boost phase – 2 secs, Sustain – 7 secs - Propellant gases released through venturi
93
Propellant Charges are made of 3 components:
``` Charge container  Propellant  Initiator ```
94
The cartridge case must fulfil the following | tasks:
Protect the propellant Provide early obturation by expanding ASAP Recover to a diameter less than the internal Withstand unseating and extraction forces Support the projectile in a fixed round which is
95
Materials used for CART cases
Brass Steel Aluminium Plastic
96
Methods of attaching projectiles to CART cases are? xx
Coning Canneluring Coning and canneluring
97
What advantages does a combustible CART case offer? xx
Everything loaded into the chamber plays some part in ballistics Minimal produce
98
Why use brass? xx
Performs well on most equipment Metallurgy & techniques are well known Does not corrode to give hard abrasive particles
99
6 Factors Affecting HE Shell Design? xx
``` Target effect Ballistic performance Strength to withstand firing stresses Economy in manufacture User requirements Safe handling ,transportation and storage ```
100
Name forces that act on a projectile (8)
``` Gas pressure Acceleration Setback Heat Centrifugal force Driving band pressures Side slap (hoop stress / shear stress) Drag (nose drag, base drag) ```
101
How is nose and base drag reduced?
Nose drag is reduced by head shape (Ogive)  Base drag is reduced by base shape (Boat tail)
102
Manufacture of Shell xx
Normally steel Cast Forged Extruded
103
What is the definition of a carrier projectile?
A vessel/vehicle that contains the payload
104
What are the different types of carrier projectiles
``` Smoke Illumination Conventional Anti-Personnel Sub-munitions Flare Incendiary Radar Echo Chemical Proganda ```
105
What are the methods of operation for carrier projectiles?
Bursting Base Ejection Nose Ejection Base Emission
106
Define Exploder System
The components used for transmitting the impulse from the fuze or booster to the HE filling "A charge in the form of a pressed pellet or filled container of secondary explosive designed to amplify the detonation wave produced by a fuze detonator or magazine to ensure efficient detonation of the main charge."
107
Supplementary charges contained in metal | provide three main benefits, list them
``` Ease of removal  Setback movement eliminated  No explosive migration ```
108
Define the Term “Supplementary Charge”
A cylindrical aluminium container, (filled with either TNT or Comp B) used to fill the cavity below the fuse in deep cavity projectiles. Removed when some proximity fuzes are fitted to the projectile
109
Define Exploder
"A charge in the form of a pressed pellet or filled container of secondary explosive designed to amplify the detonation wave produced by a fuze detonator or magazine to ensure efficient detonation of the main charge."
110
Projectile Design xx
1. Body 2. Head 3. Base 4. Baseplate 5. Bands 6. Band Bourrelet 7. Driving Bands 8 .Ogive (the shaped part of the projectile from the shoulder forward) 9 .Shoulder 10. Cavity 11. Wall 12. Governing Section 13. Fuze Hole 14. Lip

AmmoTech (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions