4. Cart and Propellants Flashcards
Components of the Breech Loading System? (3)
Tubes / primers
Bagged charge
projectile
Components of a Quick Firing System?(3)
- Cart case with primer
- Propelling charge
- Projectile
Types of ammunition for QF guns and explain each (3+3)
QF fixed - CART and proj packaged together
QF semi-fixed - Proj in CART case but can be removed to adjust charge
QF separate - projectile and cart case are packaged separately
Requirements of a Cartridge case? (4)
PEPH
- PROTECTION of contents
- Easy loading and extraction
- Provide efficient OBTURATION
- house primer
Advantages of Fixed vs Semi-fixed/separate
Fixed - loaded as one unit - no weak point Semi-fixed/Separate - Stowage easier - adjustable charge - can replace a damaged Cart case
Explain Advantages and obturation of QF vs BL
- QF higher rate of fire
- QF obturation provided by Cart case, BL by gun
- BL no Cart case
What are the types of bagged charges? (4)
- Equal
- Unequal
- Stem & ring
- Stem and segment
Design considerations of charge bags? (6)
Non-smolder Non-stretch Non-wear Entirely consumed on firing be vermin and rot proof permeable to flash from tube
Definition of Consumable vs Combustible
Consumble is inert and does’t contribute to the explosive process
Combustible - material that can be burned and contribute to the production of propellant gases
List the charge types (7)
Normal Super Blank De-coppering Reduced Fractional Incremental charge
List the HE filling techniques (4+)
CASTING Straight pour (the) creamed () liquid and biscuit PRESSING EXTRUDING PRE-FORMING -mines
List the types of sealant Shell linings (5)
Shellac Copal varnish Lacquer Resin Bitumen
Disadvantages of hot filling HE? (3)
Shrinkage
Dusting
Cracking
List the types of Corrosion (5)
Rust Aluminium Oxidation Cupric Azide Zinc Exudation MAZAK contamination
List the types of Corrosion (5)
Rust Aluminium Oxide Cupric Azide Zinc Exudation MAZAK contamination
What is Cupric Azide contamination
Copper detonators containing Lead Azide,
moisture liberates Hydrozoic acid
which attacks the copper
List the factors affecting Shell design (6)
S U B S E T Safe handling User requirements Ballistic performance Strength to withstand firing stressors Economy in manufacture Target effect
Forces acting on a Projectile
GASH CDSD Gas pressure Acceleration Setback Heat Centrifugal Driving band pressures Side slap Drag
Ormal material and Type of manufacturing methods of a shell? (4)
Normally steel
Cast
Forged
Extruded
Define Anodise
Anodising is a process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer
- Use an electric current and a solution
- Anodising increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance
What is copper used for in ammunition? (5)
Cartridge cases Driving bands Detonators SAA jackets Shaped charge liners
Why use Brass for Cart cases? (4)
Malleable and Ductile
Performs well in most equipment
Metallurgy techniques are known
Does not corrode
Requirements for Tracer composition are: (4)
luminosity
Strength
Consistency
Ease of ignition
Classifications of tracer
tracer projectile
Tracer and igniter
Integral tracer
Means for igniting tracer
direct ignition
Via the propellant
The Cart case must be able to:
Protect the propellant
Provide early obturation by expanding ASAP
Recover to a diameter less than chamber
Methods to attach projectile to Cart cases (3)
Coning - turned into a groove at the mouth
Canneluring - pressing into the (cylindrical) shape
Both
Combustible cart cases - advantages
everything is loaded into the chamber and pla1ys a part in the ballistics
All is consumed
Weight
Methods for sealing tracer (4)
- Brass or celluloid discs or cups
- nitroglycerine and Carbamite
- Bakelite discs
What are the main types of plastics used in ammunition?
Describe differences
Thermo plastic
- can be reheated and reshaped
Thermosetting plastic
- incapable of being softened
What are the types of natural fibres used in ammunition?(4)
Cellulose
Silk
Wool
Rubber
What adhesive is used for non permanent seals?
luting
What are the Methods to attach Driving Bands?
Split Ring
Solid ring
Methods to prevent twist of Driving bands?
wavy rib
Knurling
Why are Driving bands used?
centre projectile
Prevent fwd escape of gases
Prevent slip back
Components of a Primer (5)
Body Cap Anvil Plug Magazine
types of Primers
Percussion
Electric
- Bridge wire
- Conducting Cap
Projectile Types
Operational
Weapon functioning/inspection
Training
Define projectile
object capable of being propelled by a force and continuing its motion via KE
RCL ammunition design
perforated Cart case
Solid Cart case with bow out rear disc
Describe the Blow Out Disc system
Propellant charge initiated Pressure builds, disc ruptures, Projectile propelled forward Rear gases out through venturi
Disadvantages of the RCL systems
Dust signature
Low velocity
Large propelling charge
Methods to increasing range
improved weapon performance Post firing boost Improved Ballistic coefficients Sub calibre Rocket assisted projectiles Extended range full bore
How does the Rocket Assisted Projectile function (5)
Rocket cap removed
Propellant gases ignite delay comp of 7 sec
Delay ignites rocket igniter and main rotor propellant
Boost phase 2 secs, sustain 7 secs
Gases released through venturi
Types of projectiles (9)
Smoke Illumination Conventional Anti-personnel sub projectiles Flare Incendiary Radar echo Chemical Propaganda
Methods of operation for carrier shells
Bursting
Base ejection
Nose ejection
Base emission
What is a carrier projectile?
Projectile body that is used as a vehicle for conveying a payload
What is a Supplementry charge?
a cylindrical container with Comp B
used to fill the cavity below the fuze in deep cavity projectiles
Requirements for a Driving band
No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel
Cater for change in bore diameter
Remain firmly attached
Not alter ballistic shape of the projectile
Cause no excessive friction
Simple to make and fit
