Drug allergies and ADRs, ADR reporting

Question 1

whats the difference between side effects and adverse events

Answer 1

side effcts are mroe common and generally less severe. Advers events are more rare and more severe

Question 2

what do you report to the FDA’s Medwatch porgrame?

Answer 2

side effects, adverse events, and allergies to the AERS (AE reporting system).
For vaccines use VAERS

Question 3

which medication class is known for causing a mild rash that is only a histamine reaction?

Answer 3

opioids can cause this esp if tx naive or using higher dose. Can premedicatie w/ antihistamine

Question 4

is the reaction that people can have to contrast dies an tue allergy?

Answer 4

no. they are having a reaction to the iodine leading to itching, flushig and a drop in BP but its not a true allergy

Question 5

which two main antibiotics can cause photosensitivity?

Answer 5

tetracyclines

sulfa antibitiocs

Question 6

symptoms of a true allergy:

Answer 6

• skin rash or urticaria (hives w/ itchy raised bumps) -wheezing or breathing problems
• swelling
• drop in blood pressure, dizziness

Question 7

what do you do if the patient has RASH and swelling?

Answer 7

can give antihistamines

Question 8

what can help with swelling

Answer 8

antihistamines
Steroids
or Nsaids

Question 9

what will help with the SOB of an allergic react and drop in BP?

Answer 9

epinephrine

Question 10

anaphylaxis symptoms

Answer 10

swelling w/ or wo hives 
brochocostriction, SOB
pulmonayy edema
light headed,dizzy, confused
N/V
sudden drop in bp
shock w/ possible organ damage

Question 11

treatment for anaphylaxis

Answer 11

epinephrine injection
+/- diphenyhdramine if swelling/rash/itchy
+/- IV fluids

Question 12

epipen instructions

Answer 12

1. Grab pen with one fist, tip facing down
2. take the cap off w/ other hand
3. Jab outer thigh at 90 degree angle. some liquid will be left, do not inject whats left inside.
4. once done, jab pen on hard surface to bend the needle. Put back into kit.

Question 13

if you are alleric to one penicillin, should u use any of that class?

Answer 13

no, you are conisdered to be allergic to the whole class

Question 14

cross reactivity between cephalosporins and penicillin allergy?

Answer 14

5-10%

can use cef in allergy is not anaphylactic to the penicillin. If anaphylactic, avoid the cephalosporin.

Question 15

other agents that cause sulfa allergy?

Answer 15

thiazides, diuretics, loop diuretics
sulfonylureas
celcoxib
zonisamide, acetazolamide

Question 16

do cx reactivty w/ smx allergy and other agents?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what are true symptoms of an NSAID allergy?

Answer 17

hives

angioedema and occasionally anaphylaxis

Question 18

which drugs to avoid in peanut/ soy allergy?

Answer 18

Combivent (Combivent Respimat)
clevidipine (cleviprex)
propofol (diprivan)
progesterone i n Prometirum

Question 19

what drugs to avoid in egg allergy?

Answer 19

clevidipine (cleviprex)
propofol (diprivan)
Influenza vaccine: avoiid if anaphylactic reactions. If hives cant give the IM formulation but should be watched at least 30 minutes after getting each injection.