Biostatistics and Pharmacoeconomics Flashcards
what is a disadvantage of the mean?
it is sensitive to outliers
what is advantage of the median?
it is not sensitive to outliers
what does a small standard deviation mean?
that there is little variation. In a study: a drug being studiend had similar effect on most patients
what does the null hypothesis state?
that there is no difference or relationship between two groups (group A and group B)
what is the P-value
the likelihood that the result observed due to random occurrence if the null hypothesis is correct. AKA. If theres no correlation between two groups of people, whats the probability that your current study would give you that result.
what is a type 1 error?
when the null hypothesis is true but it is rejected in error. Translation: youi concluded that there was a difference between the groups but there is none . also knonw as a false positive!
what is a type 2 error?
when the null hypothesis is false but is accepted in error. Translation: you concluded that theres no differnce in the gropus but there is a difference in the group.AKA false negative
what is statistical power?
the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.
what is the relative risk?
the probability that an unfavorlabel event will occure in the exposed group versus the non-exposed group (control).
1: no difference
1: intervention increased the risk
what is the number needed to treat?
the number of people that would need to be treated w/ intervention in order to prevent 1 adverse event
what are odds?
the probability of an event occurring compared to the probability that it will not occur.
what is an odds ratio?
ratio of the odds of an event occuring in the treatment group vs the odds of the event occuring in the control group
what is a case control study ?
they take patients who have the condition and compare them to patients who doe not have the condition (but are otherwise similar). They are used to identify factors that are part of a condition.
what is a cohort study?
it is whne the they follow a group of people w/ a shared characteristic and follow them over time. They compare the outcomes of thise to a subset of the group who were not expowse to the intervention.
cost effective analysis?
input: dollars
Output: clinical unit marker: LDL, BG, hospital length of stay etc
