Diuretics

Question 1

Ca2+ = 0/+
HCO3 = +++
K+ = + 
Mg2+ = - 
Na+ = +
H+ = -

Answer 1

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Question 2

Treats: glaucoma, urinary alkalization, metabolic alkalosis, mountain sickness

Answer 2

CAI

Question 3

ADR: hyperchloremic acidosis, blood acidosis, renal stone, hypokalemia, decreases urine NH4+

Answer 3

CAI

Question 4

Contraindications: hepatic encephalopathy & sulfonamide allergy

Answer 4

CAI

Question 5

Ca2+ = ++
HCO3 = 0
K+ = ++
Mg2+ = ++ 
Na+ = ++
H+ = ++

Answer 5

Loop Diuretics

Question 6

CAI

Answer 6

Acetazolamide

Dorzolamide

Question 7

Loop Diuretics

Answer 7

Furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide
ethacrynic acid (no sulfonamide)

Question 8

Treats: hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, acute renal failure, acute heart failure, HTN emergency

Answer 8

Loop diuretics

Question 9

Contraindications: sulfonamide allergy & acute gout

Answer 9

thiazides

Question 10

ADR: ototoxicity in combo w/ ahminoglycosides, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia (uric acid reabsorbed in PCT - hypovolemia), hypomagnesemia, sulfonamide allergy

Answer 10

loop diuretics

Question 11

Ca2+ = -
HCO3 = 0/+
K+ = ++
Mg2+ = ++ 
Na+ = ++
H+ = ++

Answer 11

Thiazides

Question 12

Thiazides

Answer 12

Hydrochlorothiazide
chlorthalidone
indapamide
metolazone
quinethazone
trichlomethiazide
polythiazide

Question 13

Treats: HTN (short term - decrease blood volume; long term - decrease vessel tension); kidney stone, CHF & nephrogenic DI

Answer 13

thiazides

Question 14

ADR: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyponatremia, sulfonamide allergy
Contraindications: sulfonamide allergy & acute gout

Answer 14

Thiazides

Question 15

Ca2+ = -
HCO3 = 0
K+ = -
Mg2+ = - 
Na+ = +
H+ = -

Answer 15

K sparing diuretics

Question 16

bind & block aldosterone receptors; reduce expression of genes controlling synthesis of apical ENAC & Na/K ATpase

Answer 16

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

Question 17

inhibit ENAC directly

Answer 17

amiloride

triamterene

Question 18

treats: hypokalemia caused by loop diuretics & thiazides; aldosteronism: conn’s syndrome, cirrhosis & HF

Answer 18

K sparing

Question 19

decrease chronic heart failure mortality

Answer 19

spironolactone

eplerenone

Question 20

ADR: hyperkalemia especially when used w/ ACEI, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 20

K sparing

Question 21

cause gynecomastia, loss of libido, & impotence in men

Answer 21

Spironolactone

Question 22

can treat lithium induced nephrogenic DI by blocking lithium re uptake in lumen of collecting duct

Answer 22

amiloride

Question 23

treats renal stones (nephrolithiasis) by decreasing urinary excretion of calcium

Answer 23

thiazides