Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards DIT > DIT Onc > Flashcards

DIT Onc Flashcards

1
Q

How does brain use ketone bodies?

A

Makes them into acetyl coA and puts them into TCA cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does cyclin D do?

A

Activates CDK4 which phosphorylates Rb protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Rb do?

A

sits ontop of E2F so no transcription factor is blocked and transition from G1 to S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cancer has DPC mutation?

A

tumor suppression: Deleted in Pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Ras mutations?

A

GTPase (most common oncogene abnormality) that cause a MAP kinase pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cancers are associated with K-Ras?

A

Kolon, panKreas (lung)

GTPase (most common oncogene abnormality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H-Ras associations?

A

Hematuria. Kidney and bladde

GTPase (most common oncogene abnormality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

N-Ras associations?

A

Melanomas and heme malignancies

GTPase (most common oncogene abnormality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a ret mutation causing?

What cancers associated?

A

tyrosine kinase is always turned on

MEN 2A and 2B (PPM and PMM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C-myc is what? Assiociated with what?

A

transcription factor with bukitt (burCitt lymphoma) (EBV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are L-myc and n-myc associated with?

A

transcription factor for:

Lung tumor in Lmyc
N myc is neuroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a big risk cancer for pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

What does aflotoxin risk of?

A

Smoking is pancreas cancer (lots of other shit too including renal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cancers are at risk from ionizing radiation?

A

AML, CML, Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which UV ray type is bad?

A

UVB for Bad (A is a maybe causes problems, not sure. C is blocked by Ozone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nucleotide excision repair cancer risk?

What is the process?

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Nuclease removes damaged bases and polymerase fills it in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MMR repair mutation risk?

A

HNPCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nonhomologous end joining mutation risk?

A

Ataxia talengectasia

18
Q

Tuberous sclerosis risk for cancer?

A

giant cell astrocytoma, renal angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma

19
Q

What causes squamous cell cancer of the bladder that is a microbe?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

20
Q

What microbe causes chonalgiocarcionma?

A

chloorchis sinensis (liver fluke)

21
Q

Naphthelen is what type of cancer risk?

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

22
Q

Tumor grade vs stage?

Which is usually more prognostic value?

A

Grade is degree of cellular differentiation and mitotic activity. 4 is anapestic

Stage is degree of spread. T is size, N is nodal involvement, M is metastasis

STAGE IS MORE PROGNOSTIC VALUE

23
Q

What are findings expecting to see under scope for an anaplastic cell?

A

High nucleus to cytoplasm ratio

large nucleolus
clumping of chromatin
many mitotic figures

MAKES SENSE b/c often multiploidy

24
Q

If a tumor has a low differentiation, what is the grade?

A

higher grade b/c not resembling the cells they came from. closer to anaplastic

25
Q

What are carcinomas?

what is the staining?

A

Malignant tumor from epithelium.

Adenocarcionmas are glandular. papillary have projections

cytokeratin stain

26
Q

How do carcinomas spread? what are the exceptions (you can figure them out. there are 4)

A

Spread lymphatically. exceptions that spread hematogenously are:

Renal cell (into renal vein)
Hepatocellular (into hepatic vein)
Choriocarcinoma (invasive by nature)
Follicular carcinoma of thyroid (b/c you remember that)

27
Q

Pancreatic tumor markers?

A

CA 19-9 and CEA

28
Q

Alpha fetoprotein is up with what?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, and testicular tumors, mixed germ cell tumors, yolk sac tumor

29
Q

S-100 is marker for what?

A

Neural crest: melanomas, neural tumors, schwannomas, langerhans histiocytosis

30
Q

Tumor marker TRAP is for what?

A

TRAP the hairy animal

31
Q

Psamomma bodies are in what? mnemonic

A

PSaMMoma

Papillary of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenoma
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelima

32
Q

Malignant mesothelial tumors are often ending with what?

A

Sarcoma. angiosarcoma (benign form would be hemangioma), osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma…

33
Q

Smooth muscle cancer vs striated?

A

Leioma and leiomyosarcoma are smooth

rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma are striated

34
Q

How do tumors get blood supply?

A

Induce angiogenesis:

bFGF is basic fibroblast growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor si VEGF

35
Q

Mnemonic for order of cancers metastasizing to the liver?

A

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

Colon»stomach>Pancreas>breast>lung

think of shit that drains to liver.

High LFTs, hepatomegaly, dysfucniton signs

36
Q

Mnemonic for things that metastasize to brain?

A

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

Lung Breast Skin (melanoma) Kidney (RCC), GI (colon)

37
Q

Bone mets are?

A

PB KTL (lead kettle)

Prostat Breast Kidney Thyroid/Testes Lung

Breast is blastic or lytic
Prostate is lytic

38
Q

Paraneoplastic issues with small cell lung cancer?

A

A’s

ACTH: Cushing
ADH: SIADH
Anti presynaptic Ca++ channels at NMJ so can’t release signal: Lambert Eaton Myasthenic syndrome

39
Q

Paraneoplastic with squamous cell cancer of lung

A

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

PTHrp acts like PTH

40
Q

Other tumors that secrete PTHrP?

A

Squamous cell lung, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, squamous of head and neck

41
Q

Cancers that release epo?

A

Potentially Really High Hematocrit

Pheo, RCC, HCC, hemangioma

rarely leiomyoma

42
Q

When do you start colon cancer screening if family history?

A

at age 40 or 10 years younger than when family member was diagnosed

Boards DIT (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions