DIT Lymphoma/Leukemia

Question 1

What virus is able to cause Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 1

EBV

Question 2

What is a big factor in prognosis of Hodgkin?

Answer 2

Lots of lymphocytes compared to Reed sternberg

Question 3

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is most common lymphoma in adults (happens in elderly)

What is the mutation

Answer 3

t 14;18 in 30%

14 is heavy chain and 18 is Bcl-2

Question 4

What is most common lymphoma in kids?

Answer 4

Lymphoblastic

Question 5

Translocation in follicular lymphoma? It is in adults with waxing an waining lymphadenopathy

Answer 5

t14;18 (in adults again. (this is the mutation seen in adults apparently))

14 is heavy chain and 18 is bcd-2

Question 6

WhatNHL in kids is associated with EBV?

Answer 6

Burkitt lymhoma

(Starry sky).

Causes JAw lesion in africa

Question 7

What is genes in burkitt lymphoma? mnemonic

Answer 7

t(8;14). Translocation of c-myc oncogene onto heavy chain

Write Burkitt so B looks like 8 and t’s look like 14

(don’t confuse with 14;18 in diffuse large cell and follicular lymphoma with is in adults and bcl-2)

Question 8

What lymphoma has starry sky?

Answer 8

Burkitt (8urci14) to remember tranlocation and c-myc.

In kids

Only lymphocytes with interspersed macrophage which wate a ton of cancer cells

Question 9

What is genes for mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer 9

t(11;14)

Think of man11e (for 11)

11 is for cyclin d to have more so more S phase of cell

manD1e (mantle) or man11e (mantle) cell lymphoma

older MALEs b/c MANtle

Question 10

What is the NHL equivalent for CLL?

Answer 10

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

Question 11

What is MALToma associated with?

Answer 11

SHH

Sjogren
Hashimoto
H pylori

Question 12

Adult T cell lymphoma is aggressive. It is caused by what?

Answer 12

HTLV-1. Aggressive and associated with IV drug abuse.

Question 13

What lymphoma is associated with celiac?

Answer 13

Intestinal (enteropathy-associated) T-cell

Sorry arie

Question 14

Most comon lymphoma in adults?

In kids?

Answer 14

Adults: diffuse large B cell

Kids: lymphoblastic

Question 15

Where do you find hodgkin lymphoma in the body?

In the population?

Answer 15

Bimodal age: so 20 or 65 usually

B SYMPTOMS!!!

contiguous spread

Question 16

What type of cancer is PAS +?

Who gets it?

Answer 16

ALL (AML is PAS-)

Kids

Down syndrome (ALL fall Down)

Question 17

Who gets AML?

Answer 17

Old people and down’s syndrome or people with aplastic anemia

Question 18

What has smudge cells?

Answer 18

CLL

Question 19

What is philedalphia chromosome? What is the translocation?

Answer 19

Philadelphia CreaML cheese

CML

t 9;22

It is bcr-abl

Question 20

CLL can cause what kind of hemolytic anemia?

Answer 20

both

Question 21

What type of chronic leukemia is more likely to progress to acute?

Answer 21

CML is much more likely (80%)

CLL is only 10% progressing

Question 22

What drug targets bcr-abl?

Answer 22

imatinib hits the tyrosine kinase.

Question 23

What are the translocations?
9;22
8;14
11;14
14;18
15;17
8;21

Answer 23

9;22 philly CML bcr-abl
8;14 Burkitt: c-myc
11;14 Mantle cell: cyclin d1
14;18 diffuse large cell and follicular bcl-2
15;17 M3
8;21 s down syndrome b/c more likely to have the translocaiton with extra 21

Question 24

What is pseudo-pelter-huet anomaly?

Answer 24

Sign of Myelodysplastic syndrome.

Neutrophils with bilobed nuclei (connected by thin filament of chromatin)

Looks like ted roosevelt glasses

Question 25

What is myelodysplastic syndrome? what is risk?

Answer 25

Stem cell disorder of ineffective hematopoeisis. Risk of becoming AML

Pseudo pelger huet anomaly seen in smere (two nuclear masses looking like teddy roosevelt glasses)

Question 26

What are the three chronic myeloproliferative disorders? What is the common mutation?

Answer 26

Polycythemia vera

Essential thromboytosis

Myelofirboris

JAK2: hematopoetic growth factor signaling

Question 27

What is erythromelalgia?

Answer 27

Severe burning pain and reddish discoloration from episodic blood clots in vessels of extremities

Rare but classic symptom of polycythemia vera

Question 28

Essential thrombocytosis is caused by what?

Symptoms?

Answer 28

Too much platelets. JAK2 mutation

Causes thrombosis or bleeding b/c platelets are not functional

Question 29

What do cancerous cells look like in MM?

Answer 29

Plasma cells have clumps of chromatin looking like a clock and cytoplasm outside nucleus is cleared out.

Fried egg loock

Question 30

4 common findings with multiple myeloma?

Cause of each?

Answer 30

Anemia: marrow filled with plasma cells

Renal insufficiency: immunoglobulin clogging up tubules

Back pain and Hypercalcemiacaused by local osteolytic factors that activate osteoclasts and inhibit osteoblasts

Question 31

Findings in labs of blood and urine for MM?

Answer 31

Electrophoresis shows M spike

urine is Bence Jones proteins: Ig light chains in urine deced with electrophoresis

Question 32

What are reouleaux formation?

Answer 32

RBCs are stacked in peripheral smear with MM

Question 33

What is associated with Waldienstrom macroglobulinemia?

Answer 33

Similar to MM but some differences:

Hyper IgM (unlike MM which is IgA usually), and no bone lytic lesions like MM

Question 34

What stains positive for TRAP? Mnemonic alert

Answer 34

Hairy cell leukemia.

TRAP the Hairy animal

Question 35

What type of leukemia presents with bone pain?

Answer 35

ALL (MM also does, but I asked for leukemia)