DIT Cardiology part 2 Flashcards
What causes smooth muscle relaxation?
activated myosin phosphatase (removes phosphate from myosin, so opposite of myosin light chain kinase)
That is activated by cGMP! which is done by NO activating gunylyl cyclase from arginine and nitrates)
Type A dissection vs type B? Mnemonic alert.
Tx for each
Type A invovles Ascending Aorta
Type B is Beyond the Branches
A is emergency surgery
B is medical treatment
GIVE BETA BLOCKERS to decrease slope of increase of BP so each beat pounds it, and this decreases intensity of rise of BP
aliskiren?
renin inhibitor
What drugs are for HTN in preggers? mnemonic alert
Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine
Hydralazine
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Minoxidil mechanism?
Opens potassium channel and hyper polarizes smooth muscle to cause relaxation of smooth muscle.
Severe HTN
Patient has no ST elevation but chest pain and a new LBBB. What is it?
NSTEMI. Would still have cardiac markers.
What does a Q wave mean?
Evolving or previous infarct
What can cause dilated cardiomyopathy? Mnemonic
ABCCCCD
Alcohol abuse Ber1 Ber1 (wet, thyamine) Chronic cocaine and booze Chronic myocardial ischemia Coxsackie B Chagas (everything big with chagas) Doxorubicin Hemachromatosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical findings?
Histology?
Autosomal dominant
Lateral highest impulse
S4
Aortic stenosis b/c hypertrophied septum interferes withouflow MURMUR WORSE WITH VALSALVA (only time that happens)
Histo: disarrayed fibers
If you hear Loffler, what do you think?
eosinophils. In this case, can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy
What are causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy? Mnemonic alert:
LEASH to restrict your heart
Loffler Endocardial fibroelastosis (congen) Amyloidosis Sarcoidosis Hemochromatosis
What is libman sacks endocarditis?
SLE causes LSE
Sterile vegitations on both sides of valve (unlike infective which is normally just one side of the valve)
What are aschoff bodies?
Anitschkow bodies?
granuloma with giant cell in the heart with Rheumatic heart disease
Macrophage with ovoid wavy rod like nucleus
What causes kussmaul sign?
JVD with inspiration is from CHRONIC CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS (usually lupus)
b/c decreased capacity of RV
Tumor in heart in adults?
In kids? (association)?
Left atrial myxoma
Rhabdomyoma: TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS (the R in Hamartomas mnemonic). Along with astrocytoma and angiomyolipoma.
Mets are lymphoma and melanoma
Vasculitis in asthmatic?
Churg Strauss
Arthralgia, plapable purpura on butt and legs with GI pain? Followed URI?
Henoch Schonlein
IgA complex deposition
IgA nephropathy can come with it (from the URI)
Hep B with vasculitis?
Tx?
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Corticosteroids wither without cyclophosphamide (same tx as wagerers)
Temporalis wasting adnd big pulsating temporal artery?
temporal giant cell arteritis and tx with corticosteroids
Low pulse of arms with young asian women? Night sweats, arthritis and myalgia?
Takayasu arteritis (basically same as gian tecll arteritis) just of Aorta (lots of A’s)
Corticosteroids is tx
Strawberry hemangioma?
Benign hemangioma of cutaneous surface of capillaries in infants
Spontaneously regresses.
DONT CONFUSE WITH PORT WINE STAIN (darker and won’t go away)
Pyogenic granuloma?
Raised capillary hemangioma and associated with preggers/trauma
Cystic hygroma?
cavernous lymphangioma of neck associated with Turner syndrome
Glomus tumor?
benign painful tumor under fingernails
Describe kaposi sarcoma in older men vs AIDS?
Endothelial malignancy. Prolif of vessels and/or lymphatics
Mistaken for bacillary angiomatosis.
Most common in HIV and HHV8: NEED TO BIOPSY
Angiosarcoma?
Blood vessel malignancy in face, scalp, neck and breast
Associated with prior radiation therapy
High Yield vasculitis q’s on pg 185 of DIT
Nice.
