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Boards DIT > DIT cancer drugs (only on things specific to the drugs) > Flashcards

DIT cancer drugs (only on things specific to the drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

Methotrexate mechanism?

A

S phase specific antimetabolite

Just like trimethoprim. DHF analog so no THF recharged and available for dUMP to dTMP

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2
Q

What is leucovorin?

A

Folic acid, basically. Used for helping fix myelosuppression from methotrexate

won’t save 5FU

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3
Q

5 Flurouracil mechanism?

A

Pyrimidine analogue.
activated to 5F-dUMP to covaenlty bind folic acid and no thymidylate synthase activity

no dTMP and no DNA

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4
Q

Basal cell skin cancer and actinic keratosis treated with what?

A

5-FU

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5
Q

What is uridine?

A

Rescue for 5FU when myelosuppression

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6
Q

What 6-mercaptopurine?

A

purine analog, obviously. inhibits purine synthesis

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7
Q

What is significance of 6 mercaptopurine metabolism?

A

xanthine oxidase. So more toxicity if patient is on allopurinol

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8
Q

What is 6-thioguanine?

A

works like 6 mercaptopurine except not metabolized by xanthine oxidase

can be given with allopurinol

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9
Q

What is cytarabine?

A

CyTarabine is a pyrimidine analogue (C and T). it inhibits DNA polymerase

(its like acyclovir or rifampin, but for human DNA!)

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10
Q

Mechanism of cyclophosphamide?

A

covalently cross link DNA so cell can’t replicate

Guanine specifically

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11
Q

what cancer drug can cause hemorrhagic cystitis? It also causes increased risk of bladder cancer (TCC).

how do you prevent it?w

A

KNOW THIS

cyclophosphamide b/c acrolein is toxic metabolite

Prevent with mesna

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12
Q

What are the nitrosoureas? What is the mechanism?
What is important about them?

What is the mnemonic?

A

Put nitro in your mustang! (mustines)

Carmstine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin

alkylating agent. Needs bioactivation. BUT CAN CROSS BBB.

cross links DNA

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13
Q

Toxicity of nitrosoureas?

A

Crosses BBB so CNS tox

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of busulfan?

side effect?

A

X links DNA (alkylating agent again)

Pulmonary fibrosis is side effect (and busulfan tan but whatever)

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15
Q

Mechanism of rubicins?

A

generate free radicals

also intercalate DNA and causes breaks!

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16
Q

Side effect of rubicins?

A

CArdiotoxic (dilated cardiomyopathy) and heart failure

heart muscle susceptible b/c low levels superoxide dismutase. Rubicins make oxidative radicals

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17
Q

What is dexrazoxane?

A

Iron chelating agent that prevents cardiotoxicity of the rubicins?

18
Q

What is mechanism of dactinomycin?

A

Intercalates DNA

19
Q

What anticancer drug is used in pediatric cancers a lot?

Mnemonic

A

Dactinomycin

Children ACT out! dACTinomycin

20
Q

Bleomycin mechanism?

A

Free radical formation which causes DNA to break (BLeo BLasts DNA)

21
Q

Side effect of bleomycin?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis (same as busulfan, easy to remember b/c start with B’s)

Methotrexate can cause fibrosis too

22
Q

What three anticancer drugs cause pulm fibrosis?

A

Busulfan, bleomycin and methotrexate

23
Q

What is a adriamycin?

A

It is a poor named rubicin

24
Q

The platinum containing anti caner drugs work how?

A

Cross linkDNA. they are the ___platins

25
Q

What cancer drugs have genitourinary association?

What is the bonus toxicity?

A

Platins are for treating testicular, ovarian and bladder cancer

But nephrotoxic also ototoxic

26
Q

What drugs are nephrotoxic and ototoxic? 4 categories

A

Vanco
__platins
aminoglycosides
loop diuretics

27
Q

What does Etoposide and teniposide work on?

A

Etoposide and Teniposide inhibit topo 2 (which unwinds DNA upstream

28
Q

Step 1 likes testicular cancer (thats fucked up). What is a common regimen for treatment? mnemonic

A

Eradicate Ball Cancer

Etoposide
Bleomycin (or Ifosfamide)
Cisplatin

29
Q

Mechanism for ironotecan and topotecan?

A

Inhibit topo1.

Diarrhea

30
Q

Vincristine and vinblastine work how?

side effect?

A

Block polymerization of microtubules

Neuro toxicity. vinBLASTINE blasts bone marrow

31
Q

Paclitaxel and taxels mechanism?

A

Hyperstabalize (TAXing to keep them polymerized)

32
Q

Drugs that stabilize microtubules? not all cancer drugs

A

Microtubules G C very poorly

Mebendazole
griseofulvan
colchicine
Vincristine/blastine
paclitaxel

KNOW!

33
Q

Mechanism of hydroxyurea?

A

Inhibtis ribonucleotide reductase

34
Q

Prednisone mechanism as anti cancer drug?

A

May trigger apoptosis

especially lymph stuff (makes sense since immunosuppressant)

35
Q

Mnemnoic for side effect of prednisone?

A

BAM CUSHINGOID

Buffalo hump
amenorrhea
moon facies
crazy (psychosis)
ulcers
skin changes (acne)
htn (aldosterone agonism)
infection
necrosis of femoral head
glaucoma/cataracts
osteoporosis
immunosuppression
diabetes
36
Q

Tamoxifen mechanism?

A

SERM
estrogen receptor affect
Antagonist in breast
Agonist in bone and partial agonist in endometrium

ER breast cancer
Can prevent breast cancer if BRCA

increased risk of endometrial carcinoma (b/c overstimulation), but it stimulates less than estrogen, so helps there too. weird

37
Q

Rolixefene mechanism?

A

SERM
Estrogen antagonist in breast and endometrium

Agonist in bone.
USED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS

38
Q

Mechanism of trastuzumab?

Toxicity?

A

Her2 tyrosinekinase receptor monoclonal antibody for it

The trastuzumab trashy whore hurt my heart. CARDIOTOXIC

39
Q

Rituxumab mechanism?

A

anti CD20

can help with lymphoma, leukemia, RH arthritis..

40
Q

Imatinib mechanism?

A

nib means inhibitor, not monoclonal antibody

It is for BCR-ABL tyrosine kinse in (and if philly chromosome is anywhere else)

Boards DIT (43 decks)

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