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Boards DIT > DIT HIV > Flashcards

DIT HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Most common artery involved in thrombus?

A

LAD

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2
Q

HIV genome?

A

Diploid. 2 molecules of RNA

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3
Q

The three genes in HIV?

Know

A

env: envelope: gp120 and gp40
gag: p24 capsid protein
pol: reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease and integrase

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4
Q

What do the two things in the env gene do?

A

gp120: binds to CD4 and CCR5 in macrophage or CXCR4 in CD4 cells

gp41 is fusion and entry

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5
Q

Reverse transcriptase works where?

A

Reverse transcriptase is in cytoplasm and makes dsDNA which moves to nucleus and the DNA is integrated into dan with integrase

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6
Q

What makes you suspect PCP?

A

CD4<200 and interstitial infiltrates on CXR

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7
Q

AIDs patient with CD4<50, presents with resp issue. What do you suspect?

A

PCP
TB
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

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8
Q

Ssytemic disease in HIV with CD4<100?

A

Histoplasma. Low grade fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer

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9
Q

AIDs with meningitis?

A

Cryptococcal

If multiple ring abscess, its toxoplasmosis

if single ring, think primary CNS lymphoma

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10
Q

Cotton spots on retina in AIDs?

A

CMV. needs ganciclovir. “sightomegalovirus”

CD4 less than 50

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11
Q

What is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

A

Reactivation of JC virus (less than 200)

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12
Q

Diarrhea that is chronic and watery in AIDs?

A

Cryptosporidium. Acid fast cysts in stool

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13
Q

When do you see esophageal candidiasis? What is the biggest problem?

A

Very difficult to eat b/c it is painful

CD4 less than 100

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14
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia is what?

A

EBV with HIV

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15
Q

What does primary CNS lymphoma look like on MRI.

Whats it associated with?

A

Ring lesions. Must differentiate from toxoplasmosis

Associaed with EBV

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16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma and large B cell lymphoma can both happen in AIDs. What are they associated with?

A

B lymphoma is EBV

Squamous is HPV

17
Q

When do you start prophylaxis with HIV?

For what prophylactic treatment?

A

CD4<50 is azithromycin for Mycobacterium avium

18
Q

What are the protease inhibitors?

A

-Navir (Navir tease a proTEASE)

19
Q

Indinavir side effects

A

same as other protease inhib + nephrolithisasis and hematuria

20
Q

Atazanivir side effects?

A

same as protease inhibitors with also…

Increased bilirubin and nephrolithiasis (kidney and renal)

21
Q

Protease inhibitors common side effects?

A

Nausea, diarrhea, hyperglycemia and lypodystrophy

22
Q

How do NRTIs work?

A

Nucleoside analogs, and is lacking 3’ OH and stops polymerization

They are competitive inhibitors

THEY MUST BE ACTIVATED by thymidine kinase

23
Q

Bone marrow suppression is caused by what anti HIV drug?

A

Zidovudine

24
Q

Pancreatitis from anti HIV drug?

A

didanosine

25
Q

Which NRTI is not a nucleosie but is instead a nucleotide?

A

Tenofovir is nucleoTide and doesn’t need to be activated

26
Q

What are the NRTI’s?

A

Zoos Like Dem African Elephants

Zidovudine
Lamivudine
Didanosine (pancreatitis)
Abacavir (hypersensitivity)
Emtricitabine

and other vudines

27
Q

What anti HIV can cause life threatening hypersensitivity?

A

Abacavir

28
Q

Mechanism on NNRTIs?

A

Noncompetivitely bind reverse transcriptase and don’t need to be phosphorylates

29
Q

What anti HIV drug can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms?

A

Efavirenz (also test positive for cannibioids, makes sense)

30
Q

What is side effect common to all NNRTIs?

A

Rash and hepatotoxicity

31
Q

Mechanism of enfuvirtide?

A

gp41 so prevents enFUsion

32
Q

Mechanism of Maraviroc?

A

CCR5 antagonist so gp120 can’t bind macrophage effectively.

Must do tropism test to make sure it is R5 virus (only used in all R5)

33
Q

Mechanism of raltegravir? side effect?

A

inhibits integrase. hypercholesterolemia (but she didn’t say it)

34
Q

What can CMV cause if you have HIV?

A

Retinitis )

Interstitial pneumonia

Boards DIT (43 decks)

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