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DIT DNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause temporal lobe encephalitis?

A

HSV1

most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in US

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2
Q

Where does HSV 1 lay dormant?

A

Trigeminal ganglia (sensory neurons)

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3
Q

What causes keratoconjucntivitis and herpes labialis among other things?

A

HSV-1

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4
Q

Where does HSV-2 lay dormant?

A

Sacral nerve root ganglia

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5
Q

What type of virus is VZV? where is it latent?

A

varicella zoster is latent in DRG.

It is a herpes virus (HHV-3)

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6
Q

What do you see with positive Tzanck smear?

What tests positive?

A

HSV 1, 2, or VZV (makes sesnse, the ones that blister b/c you take the cells from the bottom of blisters)

Multinucleated giant cells

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7
Q

What has cowry bodies?

What are they?

A

HHV 1-3 (cows have herpes)

Intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions

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8
Q

What is sign and symptoms of EBV?

What happens if you mistreat it? IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

A

Looks like strep

Fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy (post cervical nodes)
Exudative pharyngitis

Don’t give amoxicillin, otherwise you GET A RASH. Maculopapular rash of turn and extremeties

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9
Q

What is Dx of EBV (aka HHV4)?

A

Monospot test: heterophile antibodies destroy HORSE and SHEEP RBCs

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10
Q

Mononucleosis but negative heterophile test? What is differential Dx?

A 
CMV
ACUTE HIV DONT MISS
acute toxoplasmosis
viral hep
strept throat
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11
Q

EBV associated malignancies?

A

remember, latent in body for long time

Hodgkin lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
Oral leukoplakia
Lymphoproliferative disorder
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12
Q

What are risks of CMV in AIDS?

A

Retinitis “sightomegalovirus”
Ulcer in GI tract
Esophagitis

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13
Q

What cells are infected by CMV?

A

Mononuclear cells. Cells. can be latently infected forever

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14
Q

What is roseola progression? What is the complication?

A

3-5 day fever (more than 102) followed by diffuse maculopapular rash (blotchy red everywhere)

Complication is possible febrile seizures.

Will be in kid before 2 years old

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15
Q

Dark flat nodular skin lesions in immunocompromised is what?

What can be affected?

A

Kaposi sarcoma. HHV-8.

Can affect GI and lungs (later can cause hemoptysis)

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16
Q

Acyclovir is for what diseases? Mechanism?

Side effects?

A

HSV, and VZV and weak EBV (no cmv)

Thymidine kinase of virus activates it to make a guanosine analog and interrupts transcription.

Maybe renal affects if poor hydration

17
Q

Ganciclovir is for what disease?
Mechanism?

Toxicity?

A

5’ monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase and it is a guanosine analo

CMV IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

TOX: lower blood founds and higher creatinine (bone marrow suppression and renal tox)

18
Q

Foscarnet is for what?
MEchanism?

Tox?

A

pyroFOSphate drug is FOScarnet

Inhibits DNA polymerase without activation of viral kinase

Renal tox (again) and anemia (makes sense)

Use: resistant HSV and CMV retinitis in immunocompromised who aren’t responding

19
Q

What are Downey cells?

A

T cells attacking EBV infection (they are the atypical T cells (not infected, just aggressive))

20
Q

Lactulose mechanism?

A

Acidifies GI to trap NH4 and you won’t asorb it when hyeprammonia

21
Q

Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency causes what?

A

alkaptonuria

22
Q

Sickle cell patient has aplastic anemia. What is Dx?

A

Aplastic crisis in parvovirus (ssDNA)

23
Q

Parvovirus presentation?

A

Kid with slapped cheeks

Adult: Rh arthritis like symptoms that resolves after a few weeks

24
Q

What virus can cause hydrops fettles and miscarriage?

A

Parvovirus. (it is part of the Other in TORCH infections)

25
Q

What papillomaviruses are bad?

What causes common warts?

Genome?

A

16 and 18 are bad

1 and 2 are common warts

Circular dsDNA

26
Q

Which DNA virus have circular DNA?

A

O for circular in the Omavirus and hepadenavirus is partially stranded circular

papillOmavirus
polyOmavirus

27
Q

Kid with URI followed by diarrhea. What is dx?

A

Adenovirus

28
Q

What virus can cause aute hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Adenovirus

29
Q

Patient has flewsh colored dome lesions with central dimple. What is dx?

A

Molluscum contagiosum: VERY CONTAGIOUS. Leave them alone

Poxvirus. LARGE DNA VIRUS

30
Q

Pox viruses are what?

A

Small pox
Cowpox (can be used as smallpox vaccine, duh)
Molluscum contagiosum

31
Q

What is multifocal encephalitis in HIV? What other virus is of this family?

A

JC virus: progresive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

It is a polyOmavirus (circular DNA)

BK virus is Bad Kidney in transplant patients

32
Q

What DNA virus has reverse transcriptase?

A

Hepadnavirus. It is HBV

partially double stranded circular

Enters nucleus, it is transcribed, then reverse transcribed into its DNA

Boards DIT (43 decks)

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