Dissection 5

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 1

synovial hinge joint

Question 2

How many articulations are there in the knee?

Answer 2

3- 2 between the femur and tibia, 1 betwee nthe femur and patella

Question 3

What muscles mainly control flexion of the knee?

Answer 3

hamstrings and gastrocneumius

Question 4

What nerves control flexion of the knee?

Answer 4

tibial and common fibular nerve

Question 5

What muscles mainly control extension of the knee?

Answer 5

mainly quadriceps

Question 6

What nerve mainly controls extension of the knee?

Answer 6

femoral nerve

Question 7

What other movements are possible when the knee is flexed to 90 degrees?

Answer 7

medial and lateral rotation

Question 8

What are hte important ligaments in the knee joint?

Answer 8

iliotibial tract; tibial and fibular collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligamnets

Question 9

What are the menisci?

Answer 9

crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assist stabilisation

Question 10

What is genu varum?

Answer 10

bandy/ bow legs

Question 11

What is genu valgam?

Answer 11

knock knees

Question 12

What might predispose to genu varum and valgam?

Answer 12

loss of the medial or lateral meniscus (bow legs and knock knees respectively)

Question 13

Where are the menisci thicker?

Answer 13

thicker peripheraly where they are attached to the fibrous capsule

Question 14

What makes the medial meniscus more vulnerable to tearing a in a knee injury?

Answer 14

it is attached peripherally to the tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Question 15

What are the menisci point anchored to anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 15

by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area

Question 16

What are the cruciate ligaments named anterior and posterior to?

Answer 16

their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

Question 17

How does the ACL travel in the joint?

Answer 17

passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle

Question 18

What does the ACL do?

Answer 18

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of hte knee joint

Question 19

What is the suprapatellar bursa an extension of?

Answer 19

the synovial cavity

Question 20

What is the function of the suprapatellar bursa?

Answer 20

reduce frcition on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements

Question 21

Where does the common fibular nerve divide into the superficial and deep fibular nerves?

Answer 21

fibular neck

Question 22

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

Answer 22

muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and skin/fascia of the dorsum of the foot

Question 23

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

Answer 23

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft

Question 24

What are the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg separtated by?

Answer 24

anterior intermuscular septum

Question 25

What are the muscles contained in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 26

What do the fibularis longus and brevis attach to proximally?

Answer 26

fibular

Question 27

What is the distal attachemnt for fibularis longus?

Answer 27

plnatar surface of the base of the 1st metatarsal

Question 28

What is the distal attachment for fibularis brevis?

Answer 28

plantar surface of the base of hte 5th metatarsal

Question 29

What is the main actions of the fibularis muscles?

Answer 29

evert the foot

Question 30

Where does the posterior cruciate ligamnet lie in relation to the ACL?

Answer 30

medial

Question 31

What is the route of the PCL through the joint?

Answer 31

passes superiorly anterior to attach to the medial femoral condyle

Question 32

What is the function fo the PCL?

Answer 32

to prevent posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and help prevent hyperflexion of hte joint