Dissection 5 Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee?
synovial hinge joint
How many articulations are there in the knee?
3- 2 between the femur and tibia, 1 betwee nthe femur and patella
What muscles mainly control flexion of the knee?
hamstrings and gastrocneumius
What nerves control flexion of the knee?
tibial and common fibular nerve
What muscles mainly control extension of the knee?
mainly quadriceps
What nerve mainly controls extension of the knee?
femoral nerve
What other movements are possible when the knee is flexed to 90 degrees?
medial and lateral rotation
What are hte important ligaments in the knee joint?
iliotibial tract; tibial and fibular collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligamnets
What are the menisci?
crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assist stabilisation
What is genu varum?
bandy/ bow legs
What is genu valgam?
knock knees
What might predispose to genu varum and valgam?
loss of the medial or lateral meniscus (bow legs and knock knees respectively)
Where are the menisci thicker?
thicker peripheraly where they are attached to the fibrous capsule
What makes the medial meniscus more vulnerable to tearing a in a knee injury?
it is attached peripherally to the tibial (medial) collateral ligament
What are the menisci point anchored to anteriorly and posteriorly?
by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area
What are the cruciate ligaments named anterior and posterior to?
their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia
How does the ACL travel in the joint?
passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle
What does the ACL do?
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of hte knee joint
What is the suprapatellar bursa an extension of?
the synovial cavity
What is the function of the suprapatellar bursa?
reduce frcition on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements
Where does the common fibular nerve divide into the superficial and deep fibular nerves?
fibular neck
What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and skin/fascia of the dorsum of the foot
What does the deep fibular nerve supply?
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft
What are the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg separtated by?
anterior intermuscular septum
What are the muscles contained in the lateral compartment of the leg?
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
What do the fibularis longus and brevis attach to proximally?
fibular
What is the distal attachemnt for fibularis longus?
plnatar surface of the base of the 1st metatarsal
What is the distal attachment for fibularis brevis?
plantar surface of the base of hte 5th metatarsal
What is the main actions of the fibularis muscles?
evert the foot
Where does the posterior cruciate ligamnet lie in relation to the ACL?
medial
What is the route of the PCL through the joint?
passes superiorly anterior to attach to the medial femoral condyle
What is the function fo the PCL?
to prevent posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and help prevent hyperflexion of hte joint
