Clinical Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 joints that make up the shoulder
glenohumeral and acromioclavicular
What structures stabilise the shouler joint?
capulse; rotator cuff and otehr muscles, labrum
What can cause impingement?
tendonitis; cuff tear; subacromial bursitis; osteophytes from AC joint
Where does a rotator cuff tend to occur?
in the supraspinatus tendon and then travels either anteriorly or posteriorly
What can occur if there is recurrent anterior discolation and the labrum commonly detaches?
Bankart lesions- which is a pocket that is created that the humerus can dislocate into
What is the nerve most commonly compromised with anterior shoulder dislocation?
axillary
What space does the axillary nerve travel through?
the quadrangular space
What are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?
superior- teres minor
inferior- teres major
medial- nck of humrus
lateral- long head of triceps
What is adhesive capsulitis better known as?
frozen shoulder
What symptoms does frozen shoulder present with?
global loss of ROM - ESPECIALLY ER
What nerve supplies sensation to the lateral forearm?
musculocutaneous
What nerve is susceptible to injury in humeral shaft fractures?
radial nerve
What is seen when there is damage to the radial nerve?
wrist drop
What are the 2 joints at the elbow?
humero-ulnar joint
radio-capitellar joint
Where does the common extensor tendon originate?
lateral epicondyle
Where does the common flexor tendon originate?
medial epicondyle
What is at risk of injury in a supracondylar fracture?
brachial artery and median nerve
What joints facilitate supination and pronation?
proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
What nerve supplies the majority of the anterior forearm?
median nerve
What nerves are supplied by the ulnar nerve in the anterior forearm?
FCU and ulnar half of FDP
What muscles orginiate at the common extensor origin?
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
externsor digit minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
What is the foudn at the base of the snuffbox?
scaphoid
what forms the upper border of the snuffbox?
extensor pollicis longus tendon
What forms the lower border of the snuffbox?
extensor pollicis brevis tendon
What arteries supply the head and neck of femur?
retinacular arteries
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
extension and external rotation
Which nerve supplies the anterior thigh muscles?
femoral nerve
Whic hnerve supplies the posterior thigh mucles?
sciatic nerve
What nerve supplies the adductor muscles?
obturator nerve
Where can the obturator nerve refer pain from the hip?
knee
What type of cartilage are the menisci made up of?
fibrocartilage
What does the ACL resist?
internal rotation and anterior translation of the tibia
What does the LCL resist?
varus stress and helps resist
What does MCL resist?
valgus stress
What does the PCL resist?
posterior translation tibia or anterior translation femur
What type OA are you more predisposed to with genu varum?
medial OA
What type of OA are you more predisposed to with genu valgum?
lateral OA
Waht nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial
How many lateral ligaments need to be incompetent for the ankle joint to be unstable?
2/3
What is tarsal coalition?
abnormal connections between tarsal bones
What contribute mainly to the medial arch?
tibialis posterior and plantar fascia
What leads to claw and hammer toe deformities?
imbalance of the flexor and extensor tendons
