Dissection 4

Question 1

What is the superior border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 1

semitendinosus/semimembranosus

Question 2

What is the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 2

biceps femoris

Question 3

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 3

medal and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Question 4

Where does the small saphenous vein drain into the popliteal vein?

Answer 4

passing through the deep fascia (popliteal fascia) in the median plane of the limb

Question 5

Where is the neurovascular bundle foudn in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 5

median plane of the fossa

Question 6

What are the contents of the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa from superficial to deep?

Answer 6

tibial nerve; popliteal vein; popliteal artery

Question 7

What is the popliteal vein a continuation of?

Answer 7

posterior tibial veins

Question 8

Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located?

Answer 8

along the poplitea vein in the fossa

Question 9

What is the route of the common fibular nerve in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 9

skirts the lateral border of the fossa, deep to biceps femoris tendon leaving the fossa between that tendon and the lateral head of gastrocnemius to reach the fibular neck

Question 10

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

Answer 10

deep and superficial fibular nerves

Question 11

What nerves supply skin and fascia on the posterolateral aspect of hte leg and foot?

Answer 11

sural nerves

Question 12

What are the sural cutaneous nerves derived from?

Answer 12

both the tibial and common fibular give off a branch: tibial-medial sural cutaneous nerve; common fibular- lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Question 13

How do the medial sural cutaneous nerve and the lateral sural cutaneous nerve communicate with each other?

Answer 13

sural communicating branch

Question 14

What forms the sural nerve?

Answer 14

medial sural cutaneous nerve plus the fibres in the communicating branch

Question 15

What does the sural nerve follow in the posterior leg?

Answer 15

small saphenous vein

Question 16

What muscles lie deep to the lateral head of gastrcneumius?

Answer 16

small plantaris muscles and popliteal muscle

Question 17

What does the tibial nerve give branches to whilst in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 17

both heads of gastrocneumius and the plantaris muscles and the popliteus muscle

Question 18

What nerve can be dammaged in fractures of the fibular neck?

Answer 18

common fibular nerve

Question 19

What are the superfiical muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 19

gastrocnemius; soleus; plantaris

Question 20

What are the deep muscles of posterior leg?

Answer 20

flexor hallucis longus; flexor digitorum longus; tibialis posterior; popliteus

Question 21

What are the general actions of hte posterior leg?

Answer 21

plantar flexion of the ankle and toes

Question 22

What does the tibialis posterior assist tibialis anterior to do?

Answer 22

inversion of the foot

Question 23

What nerve supplues the posterior leg?

Answer 23

tibial nerve

Question 24

How does the tibial nerve travel through the posterior leg compartment?

Answer 24

deep of soleus in the company of the posterior tibial arery (and accompanying veins)

Question 25

What accompanies the tendons of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment to the sole of the foot?

Answer 25

posterior tibial aretry and the tibial nerve

Question 26

What is the order from anterior to posterior of the deep muscle tendons and accompanying structures leaving the posterior compartment?

Answer 26

``` tendon of Tibialis posterior tendon of Flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery tibial nerve tendon of flexor hallucis longus ```

Question 27

What is the mnemonic for remembering the deep muscle tendons and atructures order in going to the sole of foot?

Answer 27

Tom, Dick ANd Harry

Question 28

How do Tom, Dick ANd Harry reach the sole of the foot?

Answer 28

pass posterior to the medial malleolus and deep to the flexor retinaculum

Question 29

What are the 2 heads and muscle bellies of gastrocnemius?

Answer 29

medial and lateral

Question 30

What are the proximal attachments for gastrocnemius?

Answer 30

medial and lateral femoral condyles

Question 31

What is the distal atttachment for the gastrocnemius?

Answer 31

calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

Question 32

What are the actions of gastrocnemius?

Answer 32

weak knee flexor and powerful ankle plnatar-flexor

Question 33

What are the proximal attachments for the soleus muscle?

Answer 33

neck of the fibula and the soleal line of the tibia

Question 34

What is the distal attachment for the soleus muscle?

Answer 34

calcaneu via the Achilles tendon

Question 35

What does the popliteal artery divide into immediately distal to the popliteal fossa?

Answer 35

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 36

Where does the fibular artery come from?

Answer 36

it is a branch of the posterior tibial artery

Question 37

What does the anterior tibial artery supply?

Answer 37

anterior compartment of the leg

Question 38

How does the anterior tibial artery reach the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 38

pierces the interosseus membrane

Question 39

what does the posterior tibial artery supply?

Answer 39

posterior compartment of hte leg

Question 40

What does the posterior tibial artery run with?

Answer 40

tibial nerve

Question 41

How does the posterior tibial artery run in the posterior leg?

Answer 41

mainly between the superficial and deep muscles

Question 42

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into in the foot?

Answer 42

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 43

What does the fibular artery supply?

Answer 43

lateral compartment of the leg

Question 44

How does the fibular artery supply the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 44

descends in the posterior compartment on the posterior intermuscalr septum and sends perforating branches through the septum to the lateral compartment

Question 45

What does the popliteal muscle attach to proximally?

Answer 45

lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus: within the cavity of the knee joint

Question 46

What is the distal attachment fo the popliteus muscle?

Answer 46

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

Question 47

What is the proximal attachment for the flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 47

inferior 2/3rds of the posterior surface of fibular and inferior part of interosseus membrane

Question 48

What is the proximal attachment for the flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 48

medial part of posterior surface of tibia inf. to soleal line and by a broan tendon to fibula

Question 49

What is the distal attachmetn for flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 49

base of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 50

What is the distal attachment for flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 50

bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Question 51

What is the proximal attachment for tibialis posterior?

Answer 51

interosseus membrane, posterior surface of tibia inf. to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula

Question 52

What is the distal attachment for tibialis posterior?

Answer 52

tuberosity of navicular

Question 53

What is the action of popliteus?

Answer 53

weak flexion of knee

Question 54

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 54

flexes great toe; weakly plantarflexes ankle and supports medial arch of foot

Question 55

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus>

Answer 55

flexes lateral 4 digits; plantarflexes ankle and support longitudinal arches of foot

Question 56

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

Answer 56

plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 57

What is the proximal attachment of the plantaris muclse?

Answer 57

inferior end of latereal supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligmanet

Question 58

What is the distal attachment of plantaris?

Answer 58

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 59

What is the actions of the superficial muscles of posteior leg?

Answer 59

plantarflexion of the ankle

Question 60

When do the femoral artery and vein become the popliteal artery and vein?

Answer 60

as they pass through the adductor hiatus into the popliteal fossa

Question 61

What is the deepest structure of the neurovascular structures?

Answer 61

popliteal artery

Question 62

What is the crural fascia?

Answer 62

deep fascia of the leg

Question 63

What is the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 63

a thickening of the crural fascia between the postero-inferior aspect of the medial malleolus and calcaneus

Question 64

Where is the plantaris tendon found?

Answer 64

immediately deep to gastrocnemius

Question 65

What are the muscles of the deep compartment of the leg from medial to lateral?

Answer 65

flexor digitorum longus; tibialis posterior; flexor hallucis longus

Question 66

What accompanies the tibial nerve as it travels through the posterior comaprtment?

Answer 66

posterior tibial artery