Anatomy Week 1 Flashcards
What are the superfical gluteal muscles?
gluteus maximus; gluteus medius; gluteus minimus; tensor fascia latae
What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles?
extensors; abductors and medial rotators of thigh
What nerve supplies all of the superfiical gluteal muscles apart from the gluteus maximus?
superior gluteal nerve
What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
What muscles form the deep gluteal group?
piriformis; obturator internus; gemelli and quadratus femoris
What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles?
lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers
What nerve supplies the deep gluteal muscles?
nerves from sacral plexus
How do nerves enter/exit the pelvis?
via greater sciatic foramen
How do nerves enter/exit the perinuem?
via lesser sciatic foramen
What level does the sciatic nerve come from?
L4-s3
What levels does the pudendal nerve come from?
S2-S4
What levels does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from?
S1-S3
What does the sciatic nerve supply?
posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of skin via tibial and commmon fibular branches
Waht does the pudendal nerve supply
perinuem
What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?
skin over posterior thigh; popliteal fossa; lateral perinuem and upper medial thigh
Where is the sciatic nerve found within to the gluteal region?
exits inferior to piriformis and usually is most lateral nerve exiting the greater sciatic foramen
What is the blood supply to the sciatic nerve?
artery to the sciatic nerve
What does the sciatic nerve bifurcate into?
tibila and common fibular nerves
What is the difference between the tibial and the common fibular nerve?
tibial nerve is larger and medial whereas the common fibular is smaller and more lateral
What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?
inguinal ligamnet
What is the medial border of hte femoral triangle?
lateral border of adductor longus
What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
medial border of sartorius
What is the floor of the femoral triangle made up of?
laterally- iliopsoas
medially- pectineus
What is the contents of the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve; artery and vein and lymphatics
What are the 3 compartments found in the thigh?
anterior; medial and posterior
What are the 3 compartments found in the leg?
anterior; posterior and lateral
What are the actions of muscles found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
flexion of the thigh and extension of the leg
What muscles in the anterior thigh compartment are involved in flexing of the thigh?
pectineus; iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus); sartorius; rectus femoris
What muscle is the leg extensor within the anterior compartment of the thigh?
quadriceps femoris
What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
vastus lateralis; vastus medialis; vastus intermedius and rectus femoris
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral nerve
What spinal levels is the femoral nerve derived from?
L2,3,4
What is the nerve supply to teh psoas major?
L1, L2, L3
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductor longus; adductor brevis; adductor magnus; gracilis; obturator externus
What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve
What spinal levels is the obturator nerve derived from?
L2; L3; L4
What is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductors of the thigh
What is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartmnet of the thigh?
extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
semitendinosus; semimembranosus; biceps femoris
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
How does the sciatic nerve descend down the thigh?
posterior aspct
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibilais anterior; extensor digitorum longus; extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
What spinal level is the deep fibular nerve derived from?
L4;L5
What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes
What is the functions of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle
What muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg?
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
What nerve supplies the lateral compartmnet of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
What spinal levels gives the superifical fibular nerve?
L5, ;S1;S2
What is the mnemonic to remmebr the anterior thigh muscles?
AT Practice Iguanas Started Quacking
What is the mnemonic to remmebr the medial thigh muscles?
Megan thought alligators ate artichokes. Get out!
What is the mnemonic to rememebr the posterior thigh muscles?
Palm Trees Steal Snap Backs
What is the mnemonic to remmebr the anterior leg muscles?
Angus let Tina egg every farm
What is the mnemonic to remember the lateral leg muscles?
Lipstick leaves fantastic fines
What is the mnemonic to remmeber the posterior superficial leg muscles?
Playing long stupid games sucks plenty
What is the mnemonic to remmeber the posterior deep leg muscles?
Passing little dragons past Fife fires trepidation
What are the superifical posterior leg muscles?
Gastrocneumius
Soleus
Plantaris
What are the deep posterior leg muscles?
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
What is the superolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?
biceps femoris
What is the superomedial boundary of the popliteal fossa?
semimembranosus
What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
gastrocnemius
What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal fascia
What is found in the popliteal fossa?
fat
terminal small saphenous vein
popliteal vessels
tibial and common fibular nerves
What veins do the superficial lymphatics follow?
saphenous veins
What do the superficial lymphatics drain to?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain to?
external iliac lymph nodes
What do deep lymphatics drain to?
deep inguinal lymph nodes
What do the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain to?
external iliac lymph nodes
What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain to?
common iliac lymph nodes
What does the thick part of fibrous layer of joint capsule forms?
ligaments
What are the ligamnets of the hip joint?
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
What is the ligamnet to the head of femur?
ligamentum teres
What is the blood supply to the hip joint?
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
What artery does the artery to head of femur branch from?
obturator
What do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries usually branch from?
deep femoral artery
What are the 3 articulations in the knee joint?
2 x Tibiofemoral
1 x patellofemoral
What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments?
patellar ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What are the intra-articular ligaments?
anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
What is the calcaneal tendon more commonly known as?
achilles tendon
What forms the achilles tendon?
tendons of gastrocneumius and soleus together
What does the calcaneal tendon attach to?
calcaneal tuberosity
