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CC RMT AUG2024 > Disorders of Glucose Metabolism > Flashcards

Disorders of Glucose Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

occurs AFTER 10 HOURS without food intake

a. post-absorptive/fasting hypoglycemia (neurogylcopenic)
b. post-prandial/alimentary/reactive hypoglycemia (neurogenic)

A

a. post-absorptive/fasting hypoglycemia (neurogylcopenic)

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2
Q

secondary to hyperinsulinism, hormonal deficiencies, genetic disorders, autoimmunity or drug-induced

a. post-absorptive/fasting hypoglycemia (neurogylcopenic)
b. post-prandial/alimentary/reactive hypoglycemia (neurogenic)

A

a. post-absorptive/fasting hypoglycemia (neurogylcopenic)

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3
Q

occurs usually within 4 HOURS AFTER eating a meal

a. post-absorptive/fasting hypoglycemia (neurogylcopenic)
b. post-prandial/alimentary/reactive hypoglycemia (neurogenic)

A

b. post-prandial/alimentary/reactive hypoglycemia (neurogenic)

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4
Q

symptoms of hypoglycemia begin to appear at what plasma glucose level?

A

50-55mg/dL

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5
Q

tremulousness, palpitations, anxiety, diaphoresis, hunger, and paresthesias

a. neurogenic
b. neuroglycopenia

A

a. neurogenic

“TPAD”

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6
Q

patient’s with reactive hyperglycemia and it AFFECTS AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

a. neurogenic
b. neuroglycopenia

A

a. neurogenic

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7
Q

patient’s with FASTING HYPOGLYCEMIA

a. neurogenic
b. neuroglycopenia

A

b. neuroglycopenia

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8
Q

dizziness, tingling, blurred vision, behavioral changes, seizure, and coma

a. neurogenic
b. neuroglycopenia

A

b. neuroglycopenia

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9
Q

seizures and coma occur at what plasma glucose level?

A

≤40mg/dL

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10
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Hypoglycemia: ____

Includes:
- symptoms of hypoglycemia
- low plasma glucose level
- relief of symptoms with correction of hypoglycemia

A

Whipple’s Triad of Hypoglycemia

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11
Q

pancreatic tumor that hyper-secretes insulin

A

insulinoma

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12
Q

change in glucose level ≥25mg/dL (under controlled fasting condition) coincident with:

↑ /↓
__ insulin (≥41.7 pmol/L)
__ proinsulin (≥5 pmol/L)
__ C-peptide (≥0.2 nmol/L)
__ B-hydroxybutyrate levels (≤2.7 mmol/L)

A

↑ insulin (≥41.7 pmol/L)
↑ proinsulin (≥5 pmol/L)
↑ C-peptide (≥0.2 nmol/L)
↓ B-hydroxybutyrate levels (≤2.7 mmol/L)

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13
Q

hyperglycemic disorder

A

diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

B-cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency

A

Type 1

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15
Q

immune-mediated DM

A

Type 1a

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16
Q

idiopathic (unknown etiology) DM

A

Type 1b

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17
Q

insulin resistance with progressive insulin deficiency

A

Type 2

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18
Q

genetic defects of B-cell function DM

A

Type 3a

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19
Q

genetic defects in insulin action DM

A

Type 3b

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20
Q

disease of the exocrine pancreas DM

(pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, pancreatic cancer/neoplasia, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, fibrocalculous pancreatopathy)

A

Type 3c

21
Q

endocrinopathies DM

A

Type 3d

22
Q

drug or chemical-induced DM

A

Type 3e

23
Q

infections DM

A

Type 3f

24
Q

uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes

A

Type 3g

25
Q

other genetic syndrome DM

A

Type 3h

26
Q

glucose intolerance during pregnancy

A

Gestational DM

27
Q

disappears post-partum but may convert to type 2 DM in 30-40% of cases within 10 years

A

Gestational DM

28
Q

due to metabolic and hormonal changes

A

Gestational DM

29
Q

Frequency: <10%

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

a. Type 1 DM

30
Q

Frequency: >90%
(Female>Male)

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

b. Type 2 DM

31
Q

Autoimmunity

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

a. Type 1 DM

32
Q

Genetic predisposition
HLA-DR3/DR4 -> develops

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

a. Type 1 DM

33
Q

genetic, race, ethnicity

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

b. Type 2 DM

34
Q

obesity, sedentary lifestyle

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

b. Type 2 DM

35
Q

dyslipidemia, hypertension

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

b. Type 2 DM

36
Q

PCOS

a. Type 1 DM
b. Type 2 DM

A

b. Type 2 DM

37
Q

Therapy for Type 1 DM

A

insulin injection

38
Q

Therapy for Type 2 DM

A

lifestyle change, oral agents (metformin)

39
Q

Acute complication of Type 1 DM

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

40
Q

Acute complication of Type 2 DM

A

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

41
Q

Plasma glucose level of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

A

> 1,000 mg/dL

42
Q

Panic value of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

A

≥500 mg/dL

43
Q

glucosuria renal threshold

A

160-180 mg/dL

44
Q

in diabetic ketoacidosis what decreases?

A

blood
urine pH

45
Q

what increases in DM?

A

plasma and urine glucose
serum osmolality
urine SG

46
Q

symptoms of DM

A

3P’s (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia)
pruritis
poor wound healing

47
Q

what causes electrolyte imbalance in DM

A

low sodium (hyponatremia)
low calcium (hypokalemia)

48
Q

long-term complications of DM: nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy

a. microvascular complications
b. macrovascular complications

A

a. microvascular complications

49
Q

long-term complications of DM:
- cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
- coronary artery disease (heart attack)

a. microvascular complications
b. macrovascular complications

A

b. macrovascular complications

CC RMT AUG2024 (29 decks)

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