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CC RMT AUG2024 > Analytical Techniques and Instrumentation > Flashcards

Analytical Techniques and Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

designed to compensate for variations in intensity of the light source by SPLITTING the light beam from the lamp and directing one portion to a reference cuvette and the other to the sample cuvette

A

Double-Beam Spectrophotometry

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2
Q

beam splitter, 2 photodetectors

a. double-beam-in-space
b. double-beam-in-time

A

a. double-beam-in-space

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3
Q

chopper, 1 photodetector

a. double-beam-in-space
b. double-beam-in-time

A

b. double-beam-in-time

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4
Q
  • principle: measurement of the amount of light emitted by excited molecules
  • 1000x more sensitive than spectrophotometry
A

fluorometry

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5
Q

fluorometry advantages:

A

highly sensitive and specific

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6
Q

principle: measurement of light emission caused by a chemical, biochemical or electrochemical reactions and not by photo illumination

A

Luminometry

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7
Q

emission of light caused by oxidation of organic compounds catalyzed by an enzyme, metal, or hemin

A

chemiluminescence

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8
Q

involves the use of natural substrates

ex. luciferin (fireflies light)

A

bioluminescence

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9
Q

emission of light caused by a reaction generated electrochemically on the surface of an electrode

A

electrochemiluminescence

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10
Q

detection of scintillation (flashes of light) using a PM tube and counting of the electrical impulses

A

Scintillation counting

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11
Q

Crystal scintillation (gamma counter)

a. I-125, I-131
b. H-3, C-14

A

a. I-125, I-131

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12
Q

Liquid scintillation (beta counter)

a. I-125, I-131
b. H-3, C-14

A

b. H-3, C-14

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13
Q

measurement of the amount of light blocked

a. turbidimetry
b. nephelometry

A

a. turbidimetry

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14
Q

amount of light scattered by a suspension of particles (Ag-Ab complexes)

a. turbidimetry
b. nephelometry

A

b. nephelometry

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15
Q

fragmentation and ionization of molecules

applications: MALDI TOF MS, GCMS or HPLC-MS, Tandem MS, IDMS

A

Mass Spectrophotometry

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16
Q

non-destructive method for determining the structure of organic compounds, used in lipoprotein particle

A

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

17
Q

pumps each spx in a batch through a system of CONTINUOUS tubing (ex. SMA, technicon)

A

Continuous flow

18
Q

air bubbles

a. separating, cleaning media
b. mixing samples & reagents

A

a. separating, cleaning media

19
Q

coiled tubing/ glass coils

a. separating, cleaning media
b. mixing samples & reagents

A

b. mixing samples & reagents

20
Q

uses CENTRIFUGAL force to transfer liquids in separate cuvettes; capable of batch analysis (ex. Cobas-Bio)

A

Centrifugal Analysis

21
Q

places each sample and accompanying reagents in separate containers; batch analysis, random access or stat capabilities (ex. Vitros, Beckman, Dupont ACA)

A

Discrete analysis

22
Q

each spx in a batch enters the analytical process ONE AFTER ANOTHER, and each result or set of results emerges in the same order as the spx are entered

a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis

A

a. Sequential analysis

23
Q

all spx are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the SAME TIME and in a PARALLEL fashion

a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis

A

b. Parallel analysis

24
Q

many spx are grouped in the same analytical sessionl large number of spx in one run
(multiple samples, one test at a time)

a. batch analysis
b. random-access analysis

A

a. batch analysis

25
Q

each spx is analyzed for a different selection of tests (multiple tests, one sample at a time)

a. batch analysis
b. random-access analysis

A

b. random-access analysis

26
Q

requires the rgt to be in a unique container or format provided by the manufacturer

a. closed-system analyzer
b. open-system analyzer

A

a. closed-system analyzer

27
Q

oprtr is able to change the parameters related to an analysis and prepare in-house rgts or use rgts from a variety of suppliers

a. closed-system analyzer
b. open-system analyzer

A

b. open-system analyzer

28
Q

reduced TAT and connectivity (electronic documentation of testing)

A

POCT devices

29
Q

most commonly used POCT

A

Blood Glucose Monitors

30
Q

Mass Spectrophotometry:

gold standard for drugs

A

GC-MS

31
Q

Mass Spectrophotometry:

proteomics, peptides, microbial identification

A

MALDI-TOF MS

32
Q

Inborn Errors of Metabolism screening; aka MS/MS

A

Tandem MS

33
Q

reference method for Non-protein Nitrogenous (NPN) compounds

A

IDMS

CC RMT AUG2024 (29 decks)

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