Classification and General Properties of Carbohydrates Flashcards
number of sugar units
monosaccharides (1)
disaccharides (2)
polysaccharides ( ≤ 3)
number of carbon atoms
triose (3)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)
number of carbons in D-Glyceraldehyde
triose
number of carbons D-Erythrose
tetrose
number of carbons in L-Ribose
pentose
number of carbons in D-Glucose, D-Galactose and D-Fructose
hexose
locations of the CO functional group
aldolase- ____
ketoses- ____
aldolase - end of carbon
ketoses - within/in between 2 carbon
aka blood sugar; most abundant monosaccharide
glucose
milk sugar
galactose
monosaccharide found in the seminal fluid
fructose
found in nucleic acid (RNA)
ribose
found in nucleic acid (DNA)
deoxyribose
all of the ff. are examples of aldolase, except:
a. D-Glyceraldehyde
b. D-Erythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
f. D-Fructose
Stereochemistry of the compound
Dextrorotatory (D)
Levorotatory (L)
position of Dextrorotatory (D)
right
position of Levorotatory (L)
left
2 monosaccharide units, joined together by a glycosidic bond/linkage
disaccharides
2 types of glycosidic bonds
alpha
beta
alpha - oriented ____
a. UP
b. DOWN
a. UP
beta - oriented ____
a. UP
b. DOWN
b. DOWN
1.) glucose + fructose= ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta
sucrose; alpha
1.) galactose + glucose = ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta
lactose; beta
1.) glucose + glucose = ___
2.) a. alpha
b. beta
maltose; alpha
examples of polysaccharide
cellulose
glycogen
starch
- unbranched polysaccharide
- found nearly in all PLANT CELLS
- cannot be digested by human
- repeating glucose unit
cellulose
- branched polysaccharide
- major form of polysaccharide found in ANIMAL/HUMAN
- majority are stored in the liver, some are found in the muscle
- repeating glucose unit
glycogen
amylose
a. branched; 20% of total starch
b. unbranched; 80% of total starch
a. branched; 20% of total starch
amylopectin
a. branched; 20% of total starch
b. unbranched; 80% of total starch
b. unbranched; 80% of total starch
main polysaccharide found in SEEDS/ROOTS of plants
starch
T/F. carbohydrates forms a glycosidic bonds with other carbohydrates and with non-carbohydrates
TRUE
T/F. carbohydrates modify proteins and their function by glycosylation
TRUE
T/F. some carbohydrates are reducing substances (sugar with hemiacetal group)
TRUE
Gold standard test for simple sugars
Benedict’s Test
what simple sugar does not interfere with Benedict’s Test?
sucrose