Disinfectants, Antiseptics, and Sterilants (M3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are chemical agents or physical procedures that inhibit or kill micro-organisms?

A

disinfectants

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2
Q

What are chemical or physical treatments that destroy most vegetative microbes or viruses?

A

disinfection

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3
Q

What are the examples of physical agents used for disinfection?

A
  1. ionizing radiation
  2. dry or moist heat
  3. superheated steam (autoclave)
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4
Q

What are disinfecting chemical agents with sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they can be used directly on skin, mucous membranes or wounds?

A

antiseptics

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5
Q

What is application of an agent to living tissue for the purpose of preventing infection called?

A

antisepsis

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6
Q

What are things that kill both vegetative cells and spores when applied to materials for appropriate times and temperatures?

A

sterilants

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7
Q

What is the process intended to kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually viruses, with an acceptably low probability of survival?

A

sterilization

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8
Q

What is the destruction or marked reduction in number or activity of microorganisms?

A

decontamination

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9
Q

What is the process that kills nonsporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65-100 degC?

A

pasteurization

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10
Q

What are the factors that go into evaluating the effectiveness of a disinfectant or sterilant?

A
  1. concentration and stability of disinfectant or sterilant
  2. time and temperature of exposure
  3. pH
  4. hydration
  5. binding of agent to surfaces
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11
Q

What substances does the EPA regulate? 1. FDA? 2

A
  1. disinfectants and sterilants

2. antiseptics

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12
Q

What are examples of sterilants?

A
  1. pressurized steam (autoclaving)
  2. ethylene oxide
  3. hydrogen peroxide
  4. peracetic acid
  5. ozone
  6. chlorine dioxde
  7. formaldehyde
  8. propylene oxide
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13
Q

What are examples of preservatives?

A
  1. benzoic acid
  2. parabens
  3. sorbic acid
  4. phenolic compounds
  5. quaternary ammonium compounds
  6. alcohols
  7. mercurial (thimerosal)
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