Antiprotozoal and Antihelmithic Drugs (M3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important parasitic disease of humans?

A

malaria

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2
Q

Which species of Plasmodium (malaria) cause the most serious complications and deaths?

A

P. flaciparium

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3
Q

For malaria, what are the organisms called that invade the cells? 1. What cells do they invade? 2. What is their replication called? 3

A
  1. sporozoites
  2. liver cells
  3. schizogony
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4
Q

Which state of the protozoa causes clinical malaria?

A

asexual erythrocytic state of infection

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5
Q

Which stage of parasites in malaria invade erythrocytes?

A

merozoite

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6
Q

What stage of parasites do mosquitoes take up?

A

gametocytes

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7
Q

What are the malaria drugs called that eliminate developing or dormant liver forms?

A

tissue schizonticides

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8
Q

What are the malaria drugs called that act on erythrocytic parasites?

A

blood schizonticides

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9
Q

What are the malaria drugs called that kill sexual stages and prevent transmission to mosquitoes?

A

gametocides

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10
Q

What is the drug combo with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine called?

A

fansidar

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11
Q

What is the drug combo with dapsone and pyrimethamine called?

A

maloprim

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12
Q

What is the first line therapy combo for toxoplasmosis?

A

pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine

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13
Q

What is an infection with entamoeba histolytica called? 1. What does it cause? 2

A
  1. Amebiasis

2. colitis, dysentery, ameboma, liver abscess

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14
Q

What are some of the other antiprotozoal drugs?

A

pentamidine, sodium stiboguconate, nitazoxanide, suramin, melarsoprol, eflornithine, benznidazole, nifurtimox, amphotericin, miltefosine, paromomycin

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15
Q

What are the multicellular organisms that indclude nematodes, flukes, tapeworms?

A

helminths

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16
Q

What is the other name for “river blindness”?

A

onchocerciasis

17
Q

What are the nodules associated with onchoceriasis called?

A

cercoma

18
Q

What are the ocular sign and symptoms of onchocerciasis?

A
  1. corneal complications (punctate keratitis, snowflake opacities)
  2. microfilaria in aqueous
  3. iridocyclitis, iris atrophy
  4. chorioretinitis
  5. glaucoma
  6. cataract
  7. optic nerve disease
19
Q

What are the treatment options for onchocerciasis?

A
  1. nodulectomy
  2. vector control
  3. large-scale chemo (ivermectin)