Autonomic Drugs (M1)

Question 1

Does the sympathetic nervous system have long or short preganlionic fibers? 1. Post ganglionic? 2

Answer 1

1. short

2. long

Question 2

What cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 2

III, VII, IX, X

Question 3

Does the parasympathetic nervous system have long or short preganglionic fibers? 1. Post ganglionic? 2

Answer 3

1. long

2. short

Question 4

Which autonomic nervous system has a high ratio of postganglionic fibers to preganglionic fibers?

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 5

What nerve plexi make up the enteric nervous system?

Answer 5

1. submucosal
2. myenteric
3. subserosal

Question 6

What is the neurotransmitter that is present in all autonomic ganglia?

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

What are the NT’s of the enteric nervous system?

Answer 7

1. neuropeptide Y
2. vasodilate intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
3. Enkephalin
4. substance P
5. serotonin
6. adenosine triphosphate
7. nitric acid

Question 8

What is the inhibitor NT found in the synapses of the brain?

Answer 8

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 9

Is serotonin an excitatory or inhibitory NT?

Answer 9

excitatory

Question 10

What causes the release of Ach?

Answer 10

action potential that induces calcium influx

Question 11

What hydrolyzes Ach?

Answer 11

acetylcholinesterase

Question 12

What causes the release of NE?

Answer 12

calcium-mediated exocytosis

Question 13

How is NE remove from the synapse?

Answer 13

neuronal reuptake from catecholamine transporter

Question 14

What inactivates NE that is not taken up?

Answer 14

COMT and MAO

Question 15

What are the steps of the Baroreceptor Reflex for increased arterial pressure?

Answer 15

1. stretch receptors in aortic arch and carotid sinus
2. Sends impulses to vasomotor center (VMC)
3. Activates vagal motor nucleus
4. Increases vagal (parasym) outflow
5. decrease stimulation of spinal intermediolateral neurons that activate sym system
6. slows heart

Question 16

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

Answer 16

parasym jxns of:

1. smooth muscle
2. cardiac tissue
3. glands
4. presynaptic sym and para nerves to inhibit NE release

Question 17

What proteins are M1, M3, and M5 coupled with? 1. What does their activation stimulate? 2. What does this then lead to the formation of? 3.

Answer 17

1. Gq
2. phospholipase C
3. Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)

Question 18

What increases the release of calcium in muscarinic receptors? 1. What does this release of calcium lead to? 2

Answer 18

1. IP3
2. smooth muscle contraction, secretion of exocrine glands, and nitric oxide release by vascular endothelial cells (vasc smooth muscle relaxation)

Question 19

What proteins are M2 and M4 coupled with? 1. What does their activation provide for? 2. What is the mechanism of this? 3

Answer 19

1. Gα
2. decreases cAMP
3. inhibit adenylate cyclase

Question 20

What type of channels are nicotinic receptors?

Answer 20

ligand-gated sodium channels

Question 21

What come together to form nicotinic receptors?

Answer 21

5 transmembrane polypeptide subunits

Question 22

What processes are activated in sympathetic activation for energy production?

Answer 22

1. glycogenolysis

2. lipolysis

Question 23

What is the word for leading to energy expenditure, describing the sym nervous system?

Answer 23

ergotropic

Question 24

What is the word for leading to growth, describing the para nervous system?

Answer 24

trophotropic