Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists (M1) Flashcards
How do cholinergic agonists achieve vasodilation of blood vessels?
activation of nitric oxide synthetase and fromation of nitric oxide and cGMP
What are the four choline esters? 1-4. What do all of them have in common structurally? 2
- acetylcholine
- methacholine
- carbachol
- bethanechol
- positively charged quaternary ammonium compounds
What are the clinical limitations of acetylcholine?
- limited absorption
- short duration
- lack of specificity
What are the steps in the management of organophosphate poisoning?
- decontamination
- support cardio and resp
- Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (atropine) to block Ach
- Pralidoxime to regenerate cholinesterase
What are the plants that are muscarinic receptor antagonists?
Belladonna alkaloids
What are the first signs of muscarinic antagonist toxicity?
dry mouth and suppression of salivation
What was the main side effect of scopolamine that limited its use?
confusional psychosis
What cardiovascular disorders are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?
sinus bradycardia
What CNS disorders are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?
Parkinson’s
What ophthalmic uses are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?
- refraction
- treat uveitis
- treat myopia (not anymore)
- treat amblyopia
How do you treat anticholinergic toxicity?
treat symptomatically, don’t use cholinesterase inhibitors