Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

How do cholinergic agonists achieve vasodilation of blood vessels?

A

activation of nitric oxide synthetase and fromation of nitric oxide and cGMP

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2
Q

What are the four choline esters? 1-4. What do all of them have in common structurally? 2

A
  1. acetylcholine
  2. methacholine
  3. carbachol
  4. bethanechol
  5. positively charged quaternary ammonium compounds
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3
Q

What are the clinical limitations of acetylcholine?

A
  1. limited absorption
  2. short duration
  3. lack of specificity
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4
Q

What are the steps in the management of organophosphate poisoning?

A
  1. decontamination
  2. support cardio and resp
  3. Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (atropine) to block Ach
  4. Pralidoxime to regenerate cholinesterase
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5
Q

What are the plants that are muscarinic receptor antagonists?

A

Belladonna alkaloids

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6
Q

What are the first signs of muscarinic antagonist toxicity?

A

dry mouth and suppression of salivation

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7
Q

What was the main side effect of scopolamine that limited its use?

A

confusional psychosis

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8
Q

What cardiovascular disorders are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?

A

sinus bradycardia

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9
Q

What CNS disorders are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s

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10
Q

What ophthalmic uses are muscarinic antagonists used to treat?

A
  1. refraction
  2. treat uveitis
  3. treat myopia (not anymore)
  4. treat amblyopia
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11
Q

How do you treat anticholinergic toxicity?

A

treat symptomatically, don’t use cholinesterase inhibitors

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