Chemo Drugs Bacterial Metabolism, Antimycobacterial, and Antifungal(M3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of folic acid?

A
  1. cofactor in synthesis of thymidine
  2. cofactor in synthesis of purines of RNA and DNA
  3. cofactor in synthesis of methionine, glycine and proteins
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2
Q

What are the important proteins in the formation of folic acid?

A
  1. dihydropteroate synthetase

2. dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

What are examples of Mycobacteria? 1. How do they grow? 2

A
  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprae

2. mold-like fashion like fungi

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of mycobacteria that make them resistant to antibiotics?

A
  1. grow more slowly than other bacterias
  2. can be dormant
  3. lipid-risk mycobacterial cell wall
  4. intracellular pathogens
  5. reside within macrophages
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5
Q

What is the resistance of mycobacteria to isoniazid and rifampin?

A

3%

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6
Q

What is the initial regimen of drugs taken for mycobacteria?

A

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol

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7
Q

What drugs are used in a case of atypical mycobacteria along with the typical mycobacterial drugs?

A
  1. macrolides
  2. tetracyclines
  3. sulfonamides
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8
Q

What are the second-line drugs of tuberculosis?

A
  1. Ethionamine
  2. Capareomycin
  3. Cycloserine
  4. Aminosalicyclic acid
  5. Kanamycin and Amikacin
  6. Fluoroquinolones
  7. Linezolid
  8. Rifabutin and Rifapentine
  9. Bedaquline
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9
Q

What are the drugs used in leprosy?

A
  1. dapsone and other sulfones
  2. rifampin
  3. clofazimine
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10
Q

What are the reasons for the increase in mycotic (fungal) infections?

A
  1. use of corticosteroids
  2. increase in recognition and interest
  3. disturbance of normal microflora by antibiotics
  4. advances in surgery, cancer Tx, organ and bone marrow transplantation
  5. HIV epidemic
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11
Q

What are the limitations of antifungal treatments?

A
  1. side effects
  2. narrow antifungal spectrum
  3. poor tissue penetration
  4. fungal ressitance
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12
Q

What are the topical antifungal preparations that can be used for athletes foot?

A
  1. Ciclopirox olamine
  2. butenafine
  3. tolnaftate
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