Diseases of the Endocrine System

Question 1

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 1

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, redistribution of body fats, “moon face”, swollen face, red cheeks, buffalo hump, thin, reddened skin, wt gain, hypertension & baldness.

Question 2

Addison’s Disease

Answer 2

Hyposecretion of mineralcorticoids & glucocorticoids, decrease in blood sodium levels, drop in blood glucose & increase in potassium levels, dehydration w/ wt loss, hyperpigmentation, dark face, nausea, muscle & joint pain, depression, irritability.

Question 3

Grave’s Disease (hyperthyroidism)

Answer 3

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone, toxic diffuse goiter, exophthalmos, raised skin over the shins, fxs speeds up. Inherited or possibly autoimmune. Increased perspiration & nervousness.

Question 4

Hashimoto’s Disease (hypothyroidism)

Answer 4

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone, enlarged thyroid (goiter), affects ages 30-50 years, fxs slows down, more common in females, thin skin, dry brittle nails, polycystic ovary disease, idepathic hirutism (excessive hair), cold skin.

Question 5

Cretinism

Answer 5

D/t underactive thyroid gland during infancy & childhood.

Question 6

Dwarfism

Answer 6

D/t underactive growth hormone (GH) during childhood.

Question 7

Gigantism

Answer 7

D/t overactive growth hormone (GH). usually w/ tumor of pituitary, during childhood.

Question 8

Acromegaly

Answer 8

Over-secretion of growth hormone (GH) during adulthood.

Question 9

Syndrome X (Metabolic disease)

Answer 9

Refers to a collection of metabolic abnormalities that put PT at risk of stroke & coronary artery disease. Ex. high blood sugar, high BP, too much fat around the waist.

Question 10

Vitiligio

Answer 10

Depigmented macules appear on the face, hands, feet & other regions.

Question 11

Cafe-Au-Lait Spot (birthmark)

Answer 11

Slightly uniformly pigmented macule/patch w/ irregular borders. Sizes: 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.