DIETS FOR MEDICAL CONDITIONS: DIABETES MILLITUS

Question 1

INDICATION FOR DM DIET

Answer 1

–	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
–	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
–	Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
–	Glucose Intolerance
–	Insulin Resistance (IR)

Question 2

NOTES FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Answer 2

– Education
– Facilitate positive behaviour change
– Portion size is crucial

Question 3

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING BREADS AND CEREALS

Answer 3

FOODS ALLOWED:
Whole grain/wholemeal, bread, rice, pasta, wholegrain cereals, baked products with low fat and sugar content

FOODS TO AVOID:
White bread, highly sugared cereals, high fat sauces, dry biscuis high in salt and/or fat, high fat/sugar cakes, sweet pastries, muesli bars

Question 4

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING FRUITS

Answer 4

FOODS ALLOWED:
unsweetened fresh/frozen fruit
canned fruit in juice

FOODS TO AVOID:
Fruit canned in syrup
Fruit juice in special circumstances
Dried fruit in moderation

Question 5

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING VEGETABLES

Answer 5

FOOD ALLOWED:
All fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables without added fat or salt (brine)

FOODS TO AVOID:
Vegetables with added fat, fried or roasted
Potato crips

Question 6

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING MILK PRODUCTS

Answer 6

FOODS ALLOWED:
Low-fat milk, yoghurt and cheeses
Soy milk

FOODS TO AVOID:
Full cream milk, yoghurt, cheeses
Cream 
Flavoured milk
all soft cheeses

Question 7

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING MEAT AND MEAT ALTERNATIVES

Answer 7

FOODS ALLOWED:
Lean meat, chicken, and fish
Soy products
Dried beans, peas, and lentils

FOODS TO AVOID:
fatty meat and meat high in salt 
Fried meat
Bacon
Pastry eg. sausage rolls

Question 8

INDICATE THE LIST OF FOODS THAT IS ALLOWED AND FOODS THAT IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN DIABETES MELLITUS REGARDING BEVERAGES

Answer 8

FOODS ALLOWED:
Water, low-fat milk, soda water and plain mineral water
Tea and coffee
Thickened diet drinks

FOODS TO AVOID 
Soft drinks and cordial
Flavoured mineral water
Alcoholic drinks 
Juices

Question 9

DISCUSS THE COOKING METHODS ALLOWED AND WHICH TO AVOID IN DM

Answer 9

ALLOWED 
•	Steaming
•	Grilling
•	Poaching
•	Baking
•	Stir-frying

FOODS TO AVOID
• Sautéing
• Frying
• Braising