Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Definición de diabetes?

A

Enfermedad metábolica caracterizada por el aumento de glicemia, devido a la deficiencia completa de la insulina o la resistencia periférica a la insulina?

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2
Q

Causas diabetes?

A

Sedentarismo
Obesidad
Malos hábitos alimenticios
estado autoinmune

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3
Q

Clinica 4 P de diabetes:

A

Polidipsia
polifagia
poliuria
Pérdida de peso

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4
Q

Diagnostico de diabetes:

A

Glicemia en ayunas > 125mg/dl
Glicemia casual (posprandial): 200mg/dl
Teste de tolerancia oral a la glucosa TTOG: 75mg de glucosa

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5
Q

Valor normal de hemoglobina glucosilada:

A

4.7 a 5.6%

Mayor que 6.5% igual diabetes

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6
Q

Tratamiento de diabetes tipo II?

A

Biguaidas: Metformina 500, 850mg
Sulfonilureias: Glibenclamida (aumento de sercreción de insulina)

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7
Q

Insulina accion rápida?

A

Regular ou Cristalinica:
inicio de accion 30minutos
Pico 2-3 hra
duracion 5-8hrs

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8
Q

Insulina de accion Intermediaria?

A

NPH
inicio de accion 2-4 hrs
pico 4-10
duracion 12 hrs

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9
Q

Insulina accion ultra-rápida

A

L lispro
A asparte
G glulisina

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10
Q

Insulina de accion prolongada

A

Glargina

determir

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11
Q

Complicaciones cronicas?

A

Retinopatia diabetica
nefropatia diabética
neuropatía diabética
pie diabético

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12
Q

Complicaciones agudas?

A

Hipoglicemia
Cetoacidose diabético
Estado hiperglicemico hiperosmolar no cetotico

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13
Q

Fisiopatologia Diabetes gestacional?

A

Progesterona producida por el cuerpo luteo producce una hiperplasia de celulas beta pancreaticas no primer trimestre
Placenta produce: Lactógeno placentario que produce resistencia periferica a insulina

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14
Q

Diferencias de cetoacidose diabética e estado hiperosmolar?

A

Cetoacidose diabética
diabetes tipo I
> 250 mg/dl

Estado Hiperosmolar
>600mg
diabetes tipo II

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15
Q

Triada de Whipple

A

Glicemia < 50mg/dl
Sintomatologia de hipoglicemia
Que mejora la glicemia

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16
Q

Factores de riesgo para diabetes gestacional?

A

Sindrome de ovario poliquistico