DB 21-08 - Brush Ops 2021

Question 1

Line Leadership:

The PURPOSE of effective line leadership on a wildland fire is to INFLUENCE our members through balanced processing – to accomplish tasks and objectives

The single, MOST ESSENTIAL element for success in the wildland fire environment is providing _________.

Answer 1

good leadership.

Question 2

___________ is a principle whereby a leader defines what people must do to succeed in their assignments, and may include information such as a description of what success should look like at the end of your operational period.

Answer 2

“Leader’s Intent”

Question 3

Leaders Intent is the focus on communicating:

Answer 3

-TASK (physical work to be done / objective to be accomplished)

-PURPOSE (context or the “why” for the task)

-END STATE (expectations when operational period is concluded)

(This allows your members the greatest room for initiative while keeping focused on completing their overall mission.)

Question 4

The TIER concept is not intended to encourage unauthorized or independent activities, but rather to INSPIRE LEADERSHIP during times of CRISIS or anomaly – where perhaps a dynamic circumstance has OUTPACED the ability of the incident to develop an EFFECTIVE COMMAND STRUCTURE, or where communication between a Command Officer and their resources is LIMITED or unavailable.

What does TIER stand for?

Answer 4

(T) Take
(I) Initiative
(E) Engage
(R) Report

Question 5

TIER Concept:

In the absence of specific direction during a dynamic and potentially chaotic circumstance, Officers should utilize their TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, INITIATIVE and sound RISK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES to engage their unit or resources in purposeful and meaningful action.

________ is often the first thing to fail during chaos or anomaly during incidents.

Answer 5

communication

Question 6

In all cases where action is taken under the premise of TIER, verbal notification shall be made to the immediate supervisory position, and documentation noted on the Company Commander’s daily ________

Answer 6

-ICS-214

Question 7

In a wildland fire incident setting, a _______ is defined as any SIGNIFICANT accident or medical emergency – RISKING “LIFE or LIMB,” occurring in the field during an incident that directly involves Department personnel or other assigned resources.

Answer 7

“Incident within an Incident” (IWI)

All routine medical incidents (i.e., non-life-threatening) shall not be an IWI.

Question 8

What level of operational line supervision can request to implement the “Incident within an Incident” plan at any time if they determine the scope of the medical incident has exceeded the capabilities of line resources as identified in the ICS-206.

Answer 8

Any level of line supervision

Question 9

When an incident is declared to be a life threatening and/or an imminent threat emergency or the __________ cannot be determined, it will be identified as an “Incident within an Incident” (IWI).

Answer 9

status of the incident

Question 10

The highest-ranking member on-scene of an “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) shall take emergency actions to address the emergency, and give an Emergency Incident Report to:

Answer 10

-their established direct Incident Supervisor

or

-the Incident Communications Unit if established.

Question 11

Who shall assume command as the “on-scene IWI Commander” until relieved (if necessary) by the Operations Section Chief (OSC), Deputy Incident Commander, or IC.

Answer 11

The nearest Division/Group Supervisor, (first-priority)

or

Operations Branch Director (second-priority)

Question 12

The “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) Commander shall take emergency actions to address the emergency and ensure a PACE plan is in place.

What does PACE stand for?

Answer 12

-Primary plan
-Alternate plan
-Contingency plan
-Emergency Plan

Question 13

The ______ will serve as a communications link for poor communications areas, and coordinate all air support (including med-evac flights) into the “Incident within an Incident” scene area.

Answer 13

Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO)

Question 14

In circumstances where the Branch Director or Division Supervisor is unable to effectively manage the “Incident within an Incident” (IWI), the ______ will assume full command of the IWI.

Answer 14

Operations Section Chief (OSC)

Question 15

Radio communications for an “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) shall be on the established incident ________ channel.

Answer 15

command channel.

In response to notification from involved field personnel, the IC/Operations Chief or Communications Unit will declare an IWI emergency and limit all radio traffic on the command frequency to emergency traffic only

Question 16

Upon declaration of the “Incident within an Incident” (IWI), the following emergency incident report information shall be reported by the on-scene IWI Commander to the Communications Unit (or IC/Operations depending on current incident organization):

Answer 16

1. Declare nature of the IWI (significant accident/injury).
2. If life threatening, request that the designated frequency (command channel) be cleared for further emergency traffic.
3. Who is in-charge of the IWI (on-scene point of contact, by resource and last name e.g., “Division A, Captain Smith will be the IWI Commander”).
4. Identify nature of incident:
   a. Number of patients, if multiple
   b. Patient severity
   c. Patient assessment
   d. Location (geographic and GPS coordinates)
5. Identify on-scene medical personnel currently providing care.
6. Identify preferred method of patient transport (ground transport, air ambulance, hoist rescue).
7. Request any additional resources/equipment needed (Fireline Medics, Rapid Extraction Modules, Heavy Rescue, etc.).
8. Identify any changes in the on-scene point of contact or medical personnel.

Question 17

In the event of an extraordinary hazard, or a sudden change in conditions that creates an imminent danger to personnel (e.g., imminent threat of burnover), members can communicate this information by using the terminology “__________” on the radio to clear the channel and identify the situation.

Answer 17

-EMERGENCY TRAFFIC

The IC /Op Sect Chief (OSC) may activate the emergency radio tones to ensure radio silence prior to communicating the nature of the hazard.

Question 18

Communicating ________ of members involved in imminent danger has been identified as a key factor in increasing accuracy and reducing response time of incident aircraft.

Answer 18

GPS coordinates

Question 19

Names of injured or deceased individuals, crew names or designators, or other identifying information are not to be transmitted on the ______.

The Geographic Bureau Commander/Agency Administrator having jurisdiction of the incident is the only authorized source for release of such identifying information.

Answer 19

Radio

Question 20

Each person involved with the management of the “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) will complete a thorough documentation of their respective actions.

The ICS-_____ form should be utilized for initial notations, while subsequent narratives may be requested by the IC.

Answer 20

ICS-214 form

Question 21

The primary goal of the “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) plan is to provide incident personnel the guidelines to:

Answer 21

locate, triage, extricate, treat and transport incident personnel involved in a significant accident or medical emergency within an incident in a quick and efficient manner.

Question 22

Station / Company Commander responsibilities for wildland firefighting readiness:

•Survey Wildland Operational Plans to ensure completeness and accuracy

• Verify all brush equipment, PPEs, “New Generation” fire shelters, and web gear are in good condition, available on all apparatus (including Command Vehicles, Type 1 Engines, Type 3 Engines, Dozers, Patrols, Water Tenders (WT) and Ambulances and ready for immediate use at a wildland incident

• Ensure all apparatus have roof-top identification

• Ensure all pumping apparatus are stocked with “Thermo-Gel”. _____ gallons minimum. (Different from being pre-deployed.)

Answer 22

4 gallons

Question 23

Station / Company Commander responsibilities for wildland firefighting readiness:

• Ensure a ____-hour supply of both MREs and drinking water is carried on apparatus (for each assigned member)

• Verify all Company Commanders have the current IRPG. It’s available through the In-Service Training Section (ISTS)

• Ensure each company has the following documents on the apparatus; a current Frequency Guide Book to assist with UHF-VHF radios, a copy of the APX Radio Quick Reference, and a copy of the 2020 Tactical Incident Communications Plan (TICP)

Answer 23

72 hours

Question 24

The Department utilizes a Burning Index (BI) of the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) as a basis to determine its commitment to pre-deploy resources at listed BI levels. The Department calculates the BI every evening for the next day’s use.

A Burning Index of _____ and above is considered EXTREME

Wind GREATER THAN _____ mph and relative humidity LESS THAN _____ is considered a RED FLAG.

Answer 24

-BI of 162 and above

25mph winds
15% humidity

Question 25

The on-duty ________ is responsible for monitoring current and expected fire weather conditions, and the potential impact to Department resource staffing.

Answer 25

Operations Valley Bureau (OVB) Assistant Chief assigned to Command 42

Question 26

The MFC Battalion Chief is responsible for transmitting an ______ Notice announcing the approved resource pre-deployment/augmentation no later than ______ hours the day before the pre-deployment/augmentation is anticipated.

Pre-deployment will normally last up to 24-hours.

Answer 26

Official Notice

1700 hrs

Question 27

When the Department is in pre-deployment mode all companies shall stock their apparatus with 8 extra gallons of Thermo-Gel for a total of ______ gallons, (if available) and maintain apparatus fuel levels at _____ and above.

Answer 27

-12 gallons

• 3/4 to full fuel level

Question 28

Brush Resources:

_________ is a group of resources with common communications and a leader that may be pre-established and sent to an incident, or formed at an incident.

For these purposes _________ is defined as three Engines commanded by a Leader (Captain I or preferably a Captain II assigned to one of the Engines).

Answer 28

Task force (for both answers)

Question 29

Brush Resources:

________ is a group of five engines under the command of a Leader (Battalion Chief).

Answer 29

Strike Team

Question 30

The radio identification for Task Forces and Strike Teams shall be “Task Force” and “Strike Team” followed by the _____-digit number.

Answer 30

4 digit number (1000-1074)

Question 31

The three-letter agency identifier “LFD,” the four-digit number and a one-letter resource type identifier are utilized to designate Strike Teams sent out of the City (i.e., LFD S/T 1001A).

What does the letter “A” designator mean?

Answer 31

A=Type 1 Engine

Question 32

The Department has been assigned five Type 3 Engines through a contractual agreement with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES).

When responding to Statewide mutual aid, the Type 3 Engines will normally respond in Strike Team configuration utilizing “OES S/T _____” as the designator.

Answer 32

1880C

These apparatuses are for Statewide mutual aid response and may also be used for vegetation fires or other needs within the City (under prescribed guidelines).

Question 33

The LAFD has one Department-owned Type 3 Engine which is currently assigned to Fire Station 82, using the resource identifier of Engine 82C.

This apparatus is _____ in color. Engine 82C may be used in the City, or as part of a mutual aid Type 3 Strike Team.

Answer 33

Red

Question 34

When can Type 3 Engines be used by the Station Commander or Battalion Commander for responses in the city?

Answer 34

-Initial Alarm response to vegetation fires

-incidents where four-wheel drive engine capability is required.

-If an on-scene IC requests

(MFC shall be notified immediately when staffing Type 3 for city use.)

Question 35

Anytime an OES Type 3 Engine is committed to an incident for _____ minutes or more, OES NOTIFICATION IS REQUIRED.

This notification will normally be made by MFC

Answer 35

60 minutes

Question 36

The Department currently operates how many Dozers?

They are based at the Wildland Fuel Management Unit (WFMU) at the Valley Shop

Answer 36

3

The Dozers are staffed by a Heavy Equipment Operator (HEO), and respond with a Swamper and a Heavy Equipment Boss (HEQB).

Question 37

The combination of one Dozer, one Dozer Transport, one Dozer Tender, and one Heavy Equipment Boss (HEQB) is called a ________.

Answer 37

Dozer Team.

Question 38

The combination of two Dozers, two Dozer Transports, and two Dozer Tenders is called a Dozer ________.

The staffing includes:
-Two Heavy Equipment Operators (HEOs)
-Two Swampers
-Two Heavy Equipment Boss (HEQB) or a Dozer ______ Leader.

Answer 38

-Strike Team (both answers)

The number 1000 is reserved for the Dozer Strike Team

(e.g., S/T 1000K)

Question 39

LAFD air resources are based at FS 114/Air Operations at Van Nuys Airport (VNY).

On a normal brush response, MFC will dispatch ____ helicopters.

Answer 39

-Three
(one to support command and control with the Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO), and two water droppers.)

The first water dropper will respond from Air Operations, with a full tank of water, to the incident.
The second water dropper will transport Helitac personnel to the helispot to establish the helicopter water filling operation.

Question 40

Which Tactical Channel will be the frequency used by helitac and companies assigned to the incident HELISPOT?

The channel will allow support company members to seamlessly communicate with helitac personnel assigned to the helispot.

Answer 40

7NAT02D

Question 41

The Helispot support channel 7NAT02D is located in Zone _____ of the new APX portable radios.

(This channel should NOT be confused with the Air-to-Ground (A/G) channel).

Answer 41

Zone 6

Question 42

Communication with aircraft assigned to grass/brush incidents will normally involve Division/Group Supervisors, OSC’s, or IC’s - and should normally be limited to contact with the identified ______ aircraft.

Answer 42

Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO)

Question 43

Communication between the IC and Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO) shall be INITIATED on the COMMAND channel assigned to the incident communication plan.

Following the initial communication that may include a reconnaissance, the IC will normally move HLCO to the designated LFD A/G channel.

What Zones can the LFD A/G channel be found?

Answer 43

-Zone 7 (Foothill MTZ)
-Zone 10 (LAFD IA)
-Zone 11 (Susana MTZ)
-Zone 44 (LAC/Catalina/Marine/Coastal)
-Zone 45 (Op Areas A-G)

Question 44

What is the water storage capacity of the LAFD helicopters?

Answer 44

Fire 1 through 5 = 475 Gal

Fire 6 is normally Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO) = 100 Gal

Question 45

Brush Patrols may be taken on grass and brush fire incidents at the discretion of the Station Commander where the patrol is assigned. The Station Commander shall notify MFC of the Patrol status (responding or left in quarters) when dispatched.

Common uses for a Brush Patrol include:

Answer 45

-Quick attack on brush and grass incidents

-gaining access to areas that are inaccessible to heavy apparatus

-pre-treat homes ahead of a brush

-tactical patrol after the main fire passes.

Question 46

Brush Patrols are 4-wheel drive truck-chassis pumping apparatus designated as Type ____ or ____ Engines.

Patrols may be assigned to a Company, Task Force, Strike Team, Division/Group Supervisor, or operate as a single resource.

Answer 46

Type 6 or 7

Question 47

Resource pre-deployment/augmentation guidelines:

All Brush Patrols will normally be staffed when the Burn Index (BI) exceeds _____ or a red flag condition is declared.

The three closest staffed Patrols and a Patrol Strike Team will be dispatched when there is a confirmed fire or smoke showing.

Answer 47

-Burn Index of 212

Question 48

Brush Patrol assignment and spec chart:

Answer 48

Question 49

Use of LAFD Water Tenders (WT) should be considered by the IC anytime reliability of, or access to, an adequate water source is in question.

Normally unstaffed, WT’s shall be staffed when the Burn Index (BI) exceeds _____ or a red flag alert is declared.

Answer 49

BI exceeds 212

WT’s may be assigned to a Company, Task Force, Strike Team, Division/Group Supervisor, or operate as a single resource.

Question 50

LAFD Water Tender staffing is done via “flex-staffing”.

The Station Commander or members from the affected ambulance or fire suppression resource shall notify MFC when closing a resource and staffing the WT with TWO fire suppression certified members. Only CERTIFIED members shall drive or operate any WT.

LAFD WTs are assigned to fs 77 and 88 and carry _______ gallons of water.

Answer 50

2,500 gallons
(Enough to fill 1 Strike Team of Engines)

Question 51

Although an LAFD WT should be requested first, the Department of Recreation and Parks (RAP) has two _____-gallon WT’s (staffed by RAP) that may be requested through MFC during normal business hours.

Answer 51

2,000 gal

When Park Rangers are not available, Engine 56, Light Force 50 or Engine 44 (in priority order) may pick up and operate the Park WT’s.

Companies picking up these WT’s shall notify the Griffith Park Ranger dispatch center through MFC.

Question 52

Los Angeles County (LAC) Camp Crews can be requested for fires in the City of Los Angeles.

LAC recommends that a minimum of ____, and normally four, camp crews be requested for a brush fire.

Answer 52

2

A VHF tactical channel is provided to LAC crews working on any incident in the City, which should also be monitored by all Officers assigned to the incident

Question 53

LA County Camp crews operate on LAC ____ (direct) and/or LAC ___ (direct) and will also monitor the assigned VHF A/G channel and designated VHF crew channel.

Answer 53

LAC U-14 or U-15

Question 54

LA County (LAC) camp crews will only be utilized to construct _____ and NOT for gridding or mop-up.

LAFD companies shall be utilized for gridding and cold trailing (mop-up) on wildland incidents within the City.

Answer 54

Handlines

Question 55

Each LAFD company is being provided wildland hand tools and chainsaw chaps.

Chainsaw chaps SHALL be worn by any member operating a chainsaw during vegetation cutting operations except when….

Answer 55

the chaps are not available

Question 56

LAFD Crew 3 is a Type 2 Crew staffed by 10 LAFD Cadets working under a qualified Crew Boss. If not staffed, they can be activated and on-scene within 2 hours.

Crew 3 shall not be used for ______ on the fire.

Answer 56

-direct attack

Crew 3 is able to construct line as well as mop-up, hose removal and rehab.

Question 57

The ALERT Wildfire Program uses CERT volunteers to monitor a network of cameras to augment fire patrols and can be used for:

Answer 57

• Discover/locate/confirm fire ignition

• Quickly scale fire resources up or down appropriately

• Monitor fire behavior through containment

• During firestorms, help evacuations through enhanced situational awareness

• Ensure contained fires are monitored appropriately

Question 58

MFC template for strikes team requests outside of the city:

Answer 58

Question 59

Mutual Aid:

LAFD has Immediate Need (IN) agreements set up with portions of Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Orange, Kern, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties where 2 strike teams are sent and travel time would be less than _____ minutes.

Answer 59

-60 mins

The LAFD strike teams would be comprised of the closest engines to the incident.

Question 60

Mutual Aid:

Planned Need (PN) strike team requests are for travel times beyond ______ minutes.

Two LAFD Strike Teams are sent comprised of Task Force Engines in OCB, OWB, and OSB. (OVB Engines may be considered but will not normally be used).

Answer 60

60 mins

Question 61

Mutual Aid:

Immediate Need (IN) requests are considered emergency responses. All resources shall be enroute within _____ minutes and respond emergency to the fire station or staging area designated by MFC to form the strike team.

Answer 61

3 mins

Question 62

During brush season, or times of increased fire hazard (weather), how often shall Officers survey their commands to identify personnel availability for brush deployments?

Answer 62

-Daily

Question 63

On-duty Captain I’s and Captain II’s working in the field who are qualified as Engine Boss (ENGB) or Engine Boss Trainee (ENGB-T) shall make notification of their Engine Company’s Strike Team availability by logging into the Enterprise Records System, LAFD Resource Management ____-day availability tab by _____ hours.

Answer 63

-14 day availability (this does not include travel time)

-By 0800 hrs

Question 64

Any member returning to the City (and remaining on-duty) from a wildland incident who has not had an _____-hour rest period in the past 24-hours shall be given ______-hours of rest at their place of assignment before engaging in response activities.

Travel time returning to the City is not deemed rest.

Answer 64

8 hours (both answers)

Question 65

When does an Engine Company Commander need the ENGB cert (red card) to respond to a brush assignment outside the City?

Answer 65

-Only for Planned Need (PN) mutual aid.

Not needed for IAZ,MTZ, AA or Immediate Need (IN) deployments.

Question 66

A minimum of _____ Engine Boss (ENGB) qualified Engine Company Commanders shall be deployed on a planned need strike team. This deployment model only applies to Type 1 Strike Teams.

The other Engine Commanders can be Engine Boss Trainees (ENGB-T)

Answer 66

3

Question 67

For reimbursement to the City associated with major wildland incidents, responsible members shall submit the appropriate paperwork to the Emergency Operations Commander within ______ of returning to the City.

Answer 67

ONE WEEK

This paperwork will normally include:
-F-101, Emergency Time Report

-Cal OES F-42, Emergency Activity Record

-FSLA-5, Forest Service Activity Record, (if applicable)

-FC-33, Cal-Fire Personnel and Equipment Report, (if applicable)

Question 68

Evacuation Definitions:

Answer 68

Evacuation ORDER: Immediate threat to life. This is a LAWFUL ORDER to leave now. The area is lawfully closed to public access.

Evacuation WARNING: Potential threat to life and/or property. Those who require additional time to evacuate, and those with pets and livestock SHOULD leave now.

HARD Closure: Closed to all traffic EXCEPT fire and law enforcement.

SOFT Closure: Closed to all traffic EXCEPT fire and law enforcement and critical incident resources (i.e., Utility, Caltrans, DOT., etc., or those needed to repair or restore infrastructure).

Residents Only Closure: SOFT closure with the additional allowance of residents and local government agencies assisting with response and recovery.

Question 69

When forecasting fire behavior, take into consideration weather, topography, fuels, and _______.

As these forces come into alignment expect extreme fire behavior.

Answer 69

Aspect

Question 70

Due to the uncertainties associated with fire behavior forecasting, firefighters must anticipate the unexpected and build agility into their tactical plan through CONTINGENCY PLANNING.

The mnemonic for this is PACE. What does Pace stand for?

Answer 70

P – Primary Plan [Offense] The preferred plan that is intended to yield the best results is focused on mission objectives and firefighter safety (e.g., staffing hose lines to suppress the fire around a structure).

A – Alternate Plan [Offense] A fall back plan that closely supports the primary plan. The results may be less desirable but still supports the primary plan (e.g., retreating into or behind the structure until fire intensity diminishes).

C – Contingency Plan [Defense] A plan totally focused on FIREFIGHTER SAFETY (e.g., moving to a temporary refuge area, an area that provides short-term relief, or withdrawing along the escape route and moving into a safety zone).

E – Emergency Plan [Defense] A plan totally focused on individual FIREFIGHTER SURVIVAL (e.g., when threatened by fire, firefighters should get into their fire shelter).

Question 71

______ is defined as:

A situation where structures abut the wildland. There is a clear line of demarcation between the structures and the wildland fuels along roads or back fences.

Answer 71

-Interface Condition

• Usually identified as housing tracks adjacent to a wildland area
• Multiple triage decisions may be necessary for a single interface area
• May require multiple structure defense tactics in a single interface area
• Head fire contact with the structures is usually more hazardous and poses a higher risk to firefighters than flanking fire or backing fires
• There is potential for a conflagration fire

Question 72

________ is defined as:

A condition where structures are SCATTERED throughout a wildland area. There is NO clear line of demarcation; the wildland fuels are continuous outside of and within the developed area.

Answer 72

-Intermix Condition

• Each structure should be assessed independently
• Usually more complex to triage than interface areas
• Usually more hazardous to defend than interface areas
• Usually requires a higher ratio of engines to structures than with an interface condition.

Question 73

_______ is a pre-staged rescue team assigned to a wildland fire to provide firefighters a safe, effective, and efficient method of egress off the fireline in the event of injury or illness incurred during firefighting operations.

Answer 73

Rapid Extraction Module Support (REMS)

Question 74

A _______ is an area where a firefighter can survive without a fire shelter.

Answer 74

-safety ZONE

Since structures are not true safety zones, “Temporary Refuge Area” (TRA) terminology has been adopted.

Question 75

The three Structure Triage Categories are:

-Not Threatened
-Threatened Defensible
-Threatened Non-Defensible

Explain the criteria for each.

Answer 75

NOT THREATENED: Safety Zone and TRA are present. Construction features or defensible space make it unlikely structure will ignite during initial fire front contact.

THREATENED DEFENSIBLE: Safety Zone and TRA are present. Construction features, lack of defensible space, or other challenges requires firefighters to implement structure defense tactics during fire front contact.

THREATENED NON-DEFENSIBLE: Either there is no Safety Zone or TRA present and/or the structure has challenges that do not allow firefighters to safely commit to stay and defend the structure during fire front contact

Question 76

What are the 7 Structure Defense Tactical Actions?

Answer 76

1. Check and Go
2. Prep and Go
3. Prep and Defend
4. Bump and Run
5. Anchor and Hold
6. Fire Front Following
7. Tactical Patrol

Question 77

Which Structure Defense Tactic may be effective in the early stages of an incident when the resource commitment is light and structure defense is the priority?

Resources typically move ahead of the fire front in the spotting zone to extinguish spot fires and hot spots, and to defend as many structures as possible.

Answer 77

-Bump and Run

Perimeter control and structure defense preparation are SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS with the Bump and Run tactic.

Resources must remain mobile and must constantly identify escape routes to Safety Zones or TRAs as they move with the fire front.

Question 78

What Structure Defense Tactic may also be used on fast moving incidents when there are adequate resources available, but where an effort must be made to control or steer the head and flanks of the fire to a desired end point?

Answer 78

Bump and Run

Question 79

What Structure Defense Tactic?

_________ is a follow-up tactic employed when Check and Go, Prep and Go, or Bump and Run tactics are initially used.

Staged resources are deployed AFTER the passage of the fire front to engage in perimeter control, spot fire and hot spot control, or engage in structure fire control on partially involved structures.

Answer 79

Fire Front Following

Question 80

What Structure Defense Tactic?

_________ should be initiated after the main fire front has passed and flames have SUBSIDED but when the threat to structures still remains.

This tactic should be used to extinguish hot spots or secondary structure ignitions, and address safety issues such as power lines, weakened trees, and other hazards.

Answer 80

Tactical Patrol

The key element of the patrol tactic is to remain mobile, actively seek threats, and continuously monitor the tactical area

Question 81

What Structure Defense Tactic?

________ is used when no Safety Zone or Temporary Refuge Area (TRA) is present and when fire spread and intensity are too dangerous to stay in the area when the fire front arrives, but ADEQUATE TIME exists to prepare a structure for defense ahead of the fire front.

Answer 81

Prep and Go

(This tactic implies that some preparation of the structure may be safely completed prior to resources leaving the area.)

Question 82

What Structure Defense Tactic?

_________ is a tactic used when a Safety Zone and Temporary Refuge Area (TRA) is present and/or adequate time exists to safely prepare a structure for defense prior to the arrival of the fire front.

This is an ideal multiple resource tactic especially in common neighborhoods where efforts may be coordinated over a wide area.

Answer 82

Prep and Defend

Question 83

What Structure Defense Tactic?

_________ is where resources utilize control lines and large water streams in conjunction with fixed water supplies in an attempt to stop fire spread.

The goal is to:
-extinguish structure fires
-protect exposures
-reduce ember production

Answer 83

-Anchor and Hold

This tactic is more effective in urban neighborhoods where fire is spreading from house to house.

Question 84

What Structure Defense Tactic?

_______ is a rapid evaluation to check for occupants to remove or rescue at a structure and determine whether or not a structure is defendable.

This tactic is most appropriate when no Safety Zone or TRA is present and fire spread, intensity, and the projected impact time of the fire front prohibit resources from taking preparation action to protect the structure.

Answer 84

Check and Go

Question 85

___________ describes a pre-planned area where firefighters can immediately take refuge for TEMPORARY relief from an approaching fire without having to use a fire shelter and allow the ability execute an alternate plan to safely survive the increase in fire behavior.

I.E., lee side of structure, inside of structure, large lawn or parking area, or cab of apparatus.

Answer 85

-Temporary (Tactical) Refuge Area (TRA)

A TRA does not meet the requirements for a Safety Zone

Question 86

The major difference between a TRA and a Safety Zone is?

Answer 86

When in a TRA you must have another tactical action planned.

Question 87

Structure defense firefighting in the WUI is inherently dangerous because it is primarily associated with _______ (direct or indirect?) firefighting.

Answer 87

-indirect firefighting

Indirect firefighting safety mitigations depend on fire behavior forecasts

Question 88

Structure defense should start with a determination of the ____ strategy.

Answer 88

-Exit strategy

Example of exit strategy:
•Employ tactical maneuver to avoid heat injury, move away from the fire.
•Move to a Temporary Refuge Area.
•Withdraw along an Escape Route.
•Move into a Safety Zone.

Question 89

Incident within an Incident (IWI) Radio Comms:

What are the different terms to categorize a firefighter’s injury/illness severity or transport priority over the radio?

Answer 89

URGENT - RED: Life threatening injury/illness (evacuation need is IMMEDIATE)

PRIORITY - YELLOW: Serious injury/illness (evacuation need may be DELAYED)

ROUTINE - GREEN: Minor injury/illness, NOT a IWI.

Question 90

Incident within an Incident (IWI) chart:

Answer 90

Question 91

According to the “Incident within an Incident” (IWI) Medical Incident Report 8-LINE (FORM ICS 206 WF):

For a non-emergency incident, work through chain of command to report and transport injured personnel.

For a medical emergency: Identify on scene IC by name and position and announce “_________” to initiate response from IMT Communications/Dispatch.

Answer 91

“MEDICAL EMERGENCY”

Question 92

When traveling outside of Los Angeles County, personnel shall use ______ or ________ for voice communications from rig to rig while traveling to the incident.

Answer 92

FIREMARS-D or CAFIRE1D (In direct mode only)

Question 93

A Dozer can operate at a ____% slope angle or more depending on the ground surface and size of the dozer.

Dozers are equipped with a winch that can be used to retrieve stuck apparatus and other equipment

Answer 93

60% slope

Question 94

Brush Dispatch Matrix Chart:

Answer 94