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UWorld Step 2 Days > Day 16 > Flashcards

Day 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what can amiodarone do to the lungs?

A

can cause pneumonitis

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2
Q

what is asherman syndrome?

A

scarring inside uterus

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3
Q

what does asherman syndrome cause?

A

amenorrhea, infertility, AUB

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4
Q

name some contraindications to breastfeeding

A

HIV, varicella, active TB, cocaine use

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5
Q

what happens to pupils with cocaine intoxication?

A

pinpoint

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6
Q

what are levels of phosphorus calcium and vit d in vit d deficiency?

A

phos low, calcium low, vit d low

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7
Q

what are phosphorus and calcium levels in hypoparathyroidism?

A

low ca and high phos

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8
Q

where does stroke lesion have to be to cause severe hemineglect?

A

non dominant parietal lobe

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9
Q

3 common drugs that cause drug induced lupus?

A

hydralazine, penicillamine and procainamide

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10
Q

two antibodies in drug induced lupus

A

anti histone and anti nuclear

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11
Q

rx of takayasu arteritis

A

steroids

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12
Q

what is cause of thrombocytopenia in SLE?

A

usually due to peripheral destrcution from antibodies

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13
Q

surfactant deficiency causes increase or decrease in surface tension of alveoli?

A

increased

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14
Q

what SSRI has really short half life? long?

A

short. ..paroxetine

long. ..fluoxetine

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15
Q

what eye change causes bilateral loss of central vision?

A

macular degeneration

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16
Q

two ways to manage patient with ruptured ovarian cyst

A

if stable can observe, if unstable need surgery

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17
Q

rx of headaches in pregnancy

A

acetaminophen

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18
Q

what is rx of allergic bronchopulm aspergillosis?

A

roids voriconazole and asthma control

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19
Q

hypospadias is urethra where?

A

ventral side of penis…on bottom

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20
Q

what is management of peripartum cardiomyopathy?

A

if patient stable, do echo and manage like usual HF

if patient unstable, deliver

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21
Q

do you give PTU/methimazole during postpartum thyroiditis hyperthyroid stage?

A

no…just beta blockers

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22
Q

what are sx of progressive multifocal encephalopathy?

A

paresis, ataxia, seizure, confusion

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23
Q

what does MRI of brain show in PML?

A

asymmetric white matter lesions without edema

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24
Q

signs of klumpke palsy

A

forearm supination, MCP hyperextension, wrist extended, interphalangeal joints flexes

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25
Q

what causes klumpke palsy?

A

C8-T1 traction

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26
Q

what can be associated with klumpke palsy?

A

horner syndrome

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27
Q

what happens to SVR and CO in hyperthyroidism?

A

SVR decreases…CO increases

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28
Q

pericardial friction rub is specific for what?

A

pericarditis

29
Q

best test to measure urine protein excretion?

A

protein creatinine ratio

30
Q

when patient has dysmorphic RBCs on UA, what should you be thinking?

A

glomerulonephritis

31
Q

how do you diagnose atheroembolism?

A

can biopsy the purplish skin lesions and will see cholesterol crystals

32
Q

name the drug classes that commonly cause AIN

A 
penicillins
sulfa drugs
cephalosporins
phenytoin
rifampin 
allopurinol
PPIs!!
33
Q

what are some common causes of papillary necrosis

A

NSAIDs
sickle cell disease
anything that worsens kidney function when T2Dm already present

34
Q

how does papillary necrosis present?

A

sudden onset flank pain, fever and hematuria

35
Q

what is rx of papillary necrosis?

A

no specific therapy

36
Q

which four causes of glomerular diseases have low complement?

A

SLE, strep, endocarditis, cryoglobulinemia

37
Q

rx of goodpastures

A

steroids and plasmapharesis to rid of antibodies

38
Q

what is only treatment that everyone with IgA nephropathy always gets?

A

ACe inhibitors

39
Q

rx of polyarteritis nodosa?

A

steroids and cyclophosphamide

40
Q

what are the kidney diseases you use steroids and cyclophsophamide for? hint there are 5

A 
SLE
PAN
GPA
MPA
EGPA
41
Q

is amyloid a nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

A

nephritic

42
Q

name the nephrotic syndromes

A

focal segmental
membranous
membranoproliferative
minimal change

43
Q

focal segmental nephrotic syndrome is associated with what?

A

IVDU and HIV

44
Q

solid organ cancer often leads to what nephrotic syndrome?

A

membranous

45
Q

does phosphate go high or low in kidney disease?

A

HIGH

46
Q

treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

HCTZ

47
Q

hypernatremia corrected fast causes…

A

cerebral edema

48
Q

what are some causes of pseudohyperkalemia?

A

hemolysis, leukocytosis ad thrombocytosis

49
Q

triamterene and amiloride are what type of diuretics?

A

potassium sparing diuretics

50
Q

what does insulin do to potassium

A

drives into cells

51
Q

do beta blockers make potassium go in our out of cell?

A

beta moves it out

52
Q

EKG findings in severe hyperkalemia?

A

peaked T waves, wide QRS, PR interval prolongation

53
Q

does acidosis cause potassium to come in or out of cells?

A

out of cells

54
Q

barter syndrome is like what diuretic?

A

loops, ow Na, low BP, high Cl, low K

55
Q

gitelman syndrome is like what diuretic?

A

HCTZ….loss of Na, low BP, high Cl and low K

56
Q

liddle syndrome acts like what issue?

A

excess aldosterone…low K, high BP, high Na

57
Q

vit D deficiency leads to what phosphate levels

A

LOW

58
Q

whatis urine pH in distal RTA?

A

alkalotic

59
Q

what seizure drug can cause Distal RTA?

A

topiramate

60
Q

what is rx of distal RTA?

A

replace bicarbonate

61
Q

what is pH and potassium in type II RTA?

A

pH is variable and K is high

62
Q

what is rx of type II RTA?

A

HCTZ

63
Q

what is urine pH and potassium in type IV RTA?

A

high K and low pH

64
Q

what is rx of type IV RTA?

A

fludrocortisone

65
Q

two meds that help with stone passage? what size stone gets these meds?

A

tamsulin and nifedipine…5-7mm

66
Q

two good options for hypertensive crisis rx

A

labetalol and nitroprussied

67
Q

main SE of aromatase inhibitors

A

osteoporosis

68
Q

is patient has elevated PSA but no palpable mass on exam, what should be done to further workup?

A

trans rectal US

69
Q

when do you give adjuvant chemo in breast cancer?

A

if size greater than 1 cm or axillary lymph nodes are +

UWorld Step 2 Days (23 decks)

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