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UWorld Step 2 Days > Day 16 > Flashcards

Day 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what can amiodarone do to the lungs?

A

can cause pneumonitis

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2
Q

what is asherman syndrome?

A

scarring inside uterus

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3
Q

what does asherman syndrome cause?

A

amenorrhea, infertility, AUB

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4
Q

name some contraindications to breastfeeding

A

HIV, varicella, active TB, cocaine use

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5
Q

what happens to pupils with cocaine intoxication?

A

pinpoint

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6
Q

what are levels of phosphorus calcium and vit d in vit d deficiency?

A

phos low, calcium low, vit d low

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7
Q

what are phosphorus and calcium levels in hypoparathyroidism?

A

low ca and high phos

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8
Q

where does stroke lesion have to be to cause severe hemineglect?

A

non dominant parietal lobe

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9
Q

3 common drugs that cause drug induced lupus?

A

hydralazine, penicillamine and procainamide

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10
Q

two antibodies in drug induced lupus

A

anti histone and anti nuclear

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11
Q

rx of takayasu arteritis

A

steroids

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12
Q

what is cause of thrombocytopenia in SLE?

A

usually due to peripheral destrcution from antibodies

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13
Q

surfactant deficiency causes increase or decrease in surface tension of alveoli?

A

increased

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14
Q

what SSRI has really short half life? long?

A

short. ..paroxetine

long. ..fluoxetine

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15
Q

what eye change causes bilateral loss of central vision?

A

macular degeneration

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16
Q

two ways to manage patient with ruptured ovarian cyst

A

if stable can observe, if unstable need surgery

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17
Q

rx of headaches in pregnancy

A

acetaminophen

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18
Q

what is rx of allergic bronchopulm aspergillosis?

A

roids voriconazole and asthma control

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19
Q

hypospadias is urethra where?

A

ventral side of penis…on bottom

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20
Q

what is management of peripartum cardiomyopathy?

A

if patient stable, do echo and manage like usual HF

if patient unstable, deliver

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21
Q

do you give PTU/methimazole during postpartum thyroiditis hyperthyroid stage?

A

no…just beta blockers

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22
Q

what are sx of progressive multifocal encephalopathy?

A

paresis, ataxia, seizure, confusion

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23
Q

what does MRI of brain show in PML?

A

asymmetric white matter lesions without edema

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24
Q

signs of klumpke palsy

A

forearm supination, MCP hyperextension, wrist extended, interphalangeal joints flexes

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25
what causes klumpke palsy?
C8-T1 traction
26
what can be associated with klumpke palsy?
horner syndrome
27
what happens to SVR and CO in hyperthyroidism?
SVR decreases...CO increases
28
pericardial friction rub is specific for what?
pericarditis
29
best test to measure urine protein excretion?
protein creatinine ratio
30
when patient has dysmorphic RBCs on UA, what should you be thinking?
glomerulonephritis
31
how do you diagnose atheroembolism?
can biopsy the purplish skin lesions and will see cholesterol crystals
32
name the drug classes that commonly cause AIN
``` penicillins sulfa drugs cephalosporins phenytoin rifampin allopurinol PPIs!! ```
33
what are some common causes of papillary necrosis
NSAIDs sickle cell disease anything that worsens kidney function when T2Dm already present
34
how does papillary necrosis present?
sudden onset flank pain, fever and hematuria
35
what is rx of papillary necrosis?
no specific therapy
36
which four causes of glomerular diseases have low complement?
SLE, strep, endocarditis, cryoglobulinemia
37
rx of goodpastures
steroids and plasmapharesis to rid of antibodies
38
what is only treatment that everyone with IgA nephropathy always gets?
ACe inhibitors
39
rx of polyarteritis nodosa?
steroids and cyclophosphamide
40
what are the kidney diseases you use steroids and cyclophsophamide for? hint there are 5
``` SLE PAN GPA MPA EGPA ```
41
is amyloid a nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?
nephritic
42
name the nephrotic syndromes
focal segmental membranous membranoproliferative minimal change
43
focal segmental nephrotic syndrome is associated with what?
IVDU and HIV
44
solid organ cancer often leads to what nephrotic syndrome?
membranous
45
does phosphate go high or low in kidney disease?
HIGH
46
treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
HCTZ
47
hypernatremia corrected fast causes...
cerebral edema
48
what are some causes of pseudohyperkalemia?
hemolysis, leukocytosis ad thrombocytosis
49
triamterene and amiloride are what type of diuretics?
potassium sparing diuretics
50
what does insulin do to potassium
drives into cells
51
do beta blockers make potassium go in our out of cell?
beta moves it out
52
EKG findings in severe hyperkalemia?
peaked T waves, wide QRS, PR interval prolongation
53
does acidosis cause potassium to come in or out of cells?
out of cells
54
barter syndrome is like what diuretic?
loops, ow Na, low BP, high Cl, low K
55
gitelman syndrome is like what diuretic?
HCTZ....loss of Na, low BP, high Cl and low K
56
liddle syndrome acts like what issue?
excess aldosterone...low K, high BP, high Na
57
vit D deficiency leads to what phosphate levels
LOW
58
whatis urine pH in distal RTA?
alkalotic
59
what seizure drug can cause Distal RTA?
topiramate
60
what is rx of distal RTA?
replace bicarbonate
61
what is pH and potassium in type II RTA?
pH is variable and K is high
62
what is rx of type II RTA?
HCTZ
63
what is urine pH and potassium in type IV RTA?
high K and low pH
64
what is rx of type IV RTA?
fludrocortisone
65
two meds that help with stone passage? what size stone gets these meds?
tamsulin and nifedipine...5-7mm
66
two good options for hypertensive crisis rx
labetalol and nitroprussied
67
main SE of aromatase inhibitors
osteoporosis
68
is patient has elevated PSA but no palpable mass on exam, what should be done to further workup?
trans rectal US
69
when do you give adjuvant chemo in breast cancer?
if size greater than 1 cm or axillary lymph nodes are +

UWorld Step 2 Days (23 decks)

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