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UWorld Step 2 Days > 3/15 Reading > Flashcards

3/15 Reading Flashcards

1
Q

formula for number needed to treat

A

1/ARR where ARR is control event rate minus experimental event rate

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2
Q

formula for number needed to harm

A

1/Experimental event rate- control event rate

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3
Q

formula for relative risk? what type of study is it used in?

A

cohort…RR= risk in one group/risk of all other groups

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4
Q

how to calculate odds ratio? what is it used in?

A

case control studies…odds ratio = (a/b)/(c/d)

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5
Q

what is berkson bias?

A

only using hospitalized patients

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6
Q

what is hawthorne effect?

A

when participants know they are being watched

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7
Q

what is a type i error?

A

accidentally get a false positive result when really there is no relationship or null value is true

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8
Q

what is a type II error?

A

say theres no association when really there is

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9
Q

rx for hoarding disorder?

A

CBT

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10
Q

how does P vera cause abdominal pain?

A

can lead to budd chiari syndrome

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11
Q

what is imaging for bud chiari?

A

US

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12
Q

what is budd chiari?

A

hepatic vein thrombosis

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13
Q

sx of budd chiari?

A

abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin

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14
Q

what level of spine often gets facet dislocations?

A

cervical

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15
Q

what are symptoms of facet dislocations?

A

leads to radiculopathy of corresponding nerve root

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16
Q

if neonate has central cyanosis what are two possible causes?

A

cardiac or pulm issues

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17
Q

how od you tell if neonate has cardiac or pulm problem causing cyanosis?

A

if responds to O2 then pulm issue, if doesnt respond then cardiac

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18
Q

if there is concern for fetal growth restriction, what test should be done?

A

umbilical artery US

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19
Q

patient with T1DM is doing intense exercise training, what should be done to insulin regimen?

A

decrease basal and bolus levels

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20
Q

how do girls present with CAH?

A

virilization and salt wasting as an infant

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21
Q

if patient has normal external genitalia female and early onset of secondary sex characteristics, what might be the cause?

A

early adrenarche…especially if patient is obese

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22
Q

what are signs/sx of mccune albright syndrome?

A

peripheral precocious puberty, cafe au lait macules and bone dysplasia

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23
Q

3 features of blackfann anemia

A

macrocytic anemia
craniofacial anomalies
triphalangeal thumbs

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24
Q

what meds for tardive dyskinesia?

A

deutetrabenazine

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25
Q

do first or 2nd gen APs cause more tardive dyskinesia? what does this mean for treatment of it

A

1st more so can switch patient to 2nd if needed

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26
Q

how do you calculate SAAG for ascites?

A

serum albumin- ascites albumin

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27
Q

SAAg greater than what indicates portal hypertension/cirrhosis as cause of ascites?

A

greater than 1.1

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28
Q

bounding pulses are seen in what murmur?

A

aortic regurgitation

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29
Q

pulsus parvus et tardus is what?

A

delayed pulses…seen in AORTIC stenosis

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30
Q

what can MTX cause in lungs?

A

pneumonitis that leads to fibrosis

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31
Q

what babies definitely get iron supplementation?

A

premies

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32
Q

what movement does patella dislocation limit?

A

limits knee extension

33
Q

what direction does patella dislocate to?

A

lateral

34
Q

first line rx for giardia?

A

tinidazole or nitzoxamide

35
Q

how long for MAO washout before SSRI?

A

2 weeks

36
Q

aniridia is what?

A

NO IRIS

37
Q

can kids with transient synovitys bear weight?

A

YES

38
Q

do you see hepatojugular reflux in liver disease or right heart disease?

A

RIGHT heart disease

39
Q

sturge weber syndrome?

A

port wine stain and brain/eye capillary/venous malformations

40
Q

what are dysmorphic features of down syndrome?

A

upslanting palpebral fissures
flat nasal bridge
single palmar crease

41
Q

what can be used to treat malignancy related hypercalcemia?

A

bisphosphonates

42
Q

does RV increase or decrease in pregnancy?

A

decreases

43
Q

does tidal volume increase or decrease in pregnancy?

A

increases

44
Q

what causes GERD in pregnancy?

A

progesterone leads to relaxation of LES

45
Q

when is cell free DNA testing done?

A

7 weeks gestation

46
Q

what can cell free DNA test for in fetus?

A

sex, aneupoloidy, and some genetic stuff

47
Q

what is the triple/quad screen? when?

A

second trimester…tests for AFP, hcg, estriol and inhibin A

48
Q

what is changed in quad screen with patau syndrome?

A

increased AFP

49
Q

what is changed in quad screen with edwards syndrome?

A

low estriol and hcg

50
Q

what is changed in quad screen with down syndrome?

A

low afp and estriol

51
Q

when do you do chorionic villus sampling?

A

if genetic aneuploidy is abnormal…10-13 weeks

52
Q

what is an acceleration?

A

15 bpm increase in HR in less than 30 seconds

53
Q

do VEAL CHOP

A

Variable…Cord compression
Early…Head compression
Accel…OKAY
Late…Placental insufficiecny

54
Q

3 ways to help induce labor

A

oxytocin, prostaglandin, amniotomy

55
Q

two options for ectopic pregnancy management?

A

MTX and surgery

56
Q

when should second dose of MTX be given in ectopic pregnancy?

A

if between 4-7 days of therapy there has not been 15% drop in hcg

57
Q

what can be given to help with abortion?

A

misoprostol

58
Q

define short cervix in pregnancy?

A

less than 2.5 cm

59
Q

what do you give patient with short cervix but no history of fetal loss?

A

vaginal progesterone

60
Q

findings of congenital varicella?

A 
zigzag lesions
limb hypoplasia
microcephaly
chorioretnitis
cataracts
61
Q

how do you manage umbilical cord prolapse?

A

manual elevation and c sxn emergently

62
Q

what two things are required to have preterm labor?

A

contractions and cervical dilation

and less than 37 weeks

63
Q

what age should preterm labor be allowed ot continue as is

A

34 weeks and more

64
Q

what is preferred tocolytic in preterm labor?

A

CCB

65
Q

if patient has uterine rupture and is pregnant again, what is management/

A

c sxn at 36 weeks

66
Q

for an Rh negative mom, when is antibody screening done?

A

at first prenatal visit and 28 weeks

67
Q

describe treatment step sin hyperemesis gravidum?

A

first is diet modification etc
then do diphenhydramine
then metoclopramide
then ondansetron

68
Q

what is best diagnostic test for PE in pregnancy?

A

Vq perfusion scan

69
Q

if patient has gestational diabetes and refuses insulin, what other meds can be give?

A

metformin and glyburide

70
Q

pregnant patietn who already has DM should have what tests done?

A

EKG, retinal exam, urine creatinine and protein

71
Q

how long can latent stage last for prima and multip?

A

prima 20 hours

multi 14 hours

72
Q

what is treatment of prolonged latent stage of labor?

A

rest and do nothing

73
Q

what needs to be done for intraductal papilloma?

A

biopsy and remove to rule out underlying cancer

74
Q

rx of chancroid?

A

azithromycin

75
Q

rx of TOA?

A

cefoxitin and doxycycline

76
Q

what is rx of TOA if patient has penicillin allergy?

A

clinda and gent

77
Q

treatment of infertility in PCOS

A

clomiphene or letrozole

78
Q

what is genotype of incomplete mole

A

69xxy or xxx

79
Q

what is genotype of complete mole

A

46 xx or xy

UWorld Step 2 Days (23 decks)

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