3/15 Reading Flashcards by Luke Hayek

formula for number needed to treat

1/ARR where ARR is control event rate minus experimental event rate

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formula for number needed to harm

1/Experimental event rate- control event rate

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formula for relative risk? what type of study is it used in?

cohort…RR= risk in one group/risk of all other groups

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how to calculate odds ratio? what is it used in?

case control studies…odds ratio = (a/b)/(c/d)

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what is berkson bias?

only using hospitalized patients

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what is hawthorne effect?

when participants know they are being watched

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what is a type i error?

accidentally get a false positive result when really there is no relationship or null value is true

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what is a type II error?

say theres no association when really there is

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rx for hoarding disorder?

CBT

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how does P vera cause abdominal pain?

can lead to budd chiari syndrome

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what is imaging for bud chiari?

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what is budd chiari?

hepatic vein thrombosis

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sx of budd chiari?

abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin

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what level of spine often gets facet dislocations?

cervical

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what are symptoms of facet dislocations?

leads to radiculopathy of corresponding nerve root

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if neonate has central cyanosis what are two possible causes?

cardiac or pulm issues

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how od you tell if neonate has cardiac or pulm problem causing cyanosis?

if responds to O2 then pulm issue, if doesnt respond then cardiac

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if there is concern for fetal growth restriction, what test should be done?

umbilical artery US

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patient with T1DM is doing intense exercise training, what should be done to insulin regimen?

decrease basal and bolus levels

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how do girls present with CAH?

virilization and salt wasting as an infant

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if patient has normal external genitalia female and early onset of secondary sex characteristics, what might be the cause?

early adrenarche…especially if patient is obese

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what are signs/sx of mccune albright syndrome?

peripheral precocious puberty, cafe au lait macules and bone dysplasia

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3 features of blackfann anemia

macrocytic anemia
craniofacial anomalies
triphalangeal thumbs

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what meds for tardive dyskinesia?

deutetrabenazine

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do first or 2nd gen APs cause more tardive dyskinesia? what does this mean for treatment of it

1st more so can switch patient to 2nd if needed

how do you calculate SAAG for ascites?

serum albumin- ascites albumin

SAAg greater than what indicates portal hypertension/cirrhosis as cause of ascites?

greater than 1.1

bounding pulses are seen in what murmur?

aortic regurgitation

pulsus parvus et tardus is what?

delayed pulses...seen in AORTIC stenosis

what can MTX cause in lungs?

pneumonitis that leads to fibrosis

what babies definitely get iron supplementation?

premies

what movement does patella dislocation limit?

limits knee extension

what direction does patella dislocate to?

lateral

first line rx for giardia?

tinidazole or nitzoxamide

how long for MAO washout before SSRI?

2 weeks

aniridia is what?

NO IRIS

can kids with transient synovitys bear weight?

YES

do you see hepatojugular reflux in liver disease or right heart disease?

RIGHT heart disease

sturge weber syndrome?

port wine stain and brain/eye capillary/venous malformations

what are dysmorphic features of down syndrome?

upslanting palpebral fissures flat nasal bridge single palmar crease

what can be used to treat malignancy related hypercalcemia?

bisphosphonates

does RV increase or decrease in pregnancy?

decreases

does tidal volume increase or decrease in pregnancy?

increases

what causes GERD in pregnancy?

progesterone leads to relaxation of LES

when is cell free DNA testing done?

7 weeks gestation

what can cell free DNA test for in fetus?

sex, aneupoloidy, and some genetic stuff

what is the triple/quad screen? when?

second trimester...tests for AFP, hcg, estriol and inhibin A

what is changed in quad screen with patau syndrome?

increased AFP

what is changed in quad screen with edwards syndrome?

low estriol and hcg

what is changed in quad screen with down syndrome?

low afp and estriol

when do you do chorionic villus sampling?

if genetic aneuploidy is abnormal...10-13 weeks

what is an acceleration?

15 bpm increase in HR in less than 30 seconds

do VEAL CHOP

Variable...Cord compression Early...Head compression Accel...OKAY Late...Placental insufficiecny

3 ways to help induce labor

oxytocin, prostaglandin, amniotomy

two options for ectopic pregnancy management?

MTX and surgery

when should second dose of MTX be given in ectopic pregnancy?

if between 4-7 days of therapy there has not been 15% drop in hcg

what can be given to help with abortion?

misoprostol

define short cervix in pregnancy?

less than 2.5 cm

what do you give patient with short cervix but no history of fetal loss?

vaginal progesterone

findings of congenital varicella?

``` zigzag lesions limb hypoplasia microcephaly chorioretnitis cataracts ```

how do you manage umbilical cord prolapse?

manual elevation and c sxn emergently

what two things are required to have preterm labor?

contractions and cervical dilation | and less than 37 weeks

what age should preterm labor be allowed ot continue as is

34 weeks and more

what is preferred tocolytic in preterm labor?

CCB

if patient has uterine rupture and is pregnant again, what is management/

c sxn at 36 weeks

for an Rh negative mom, when is antibody screening done?

at first prenatal visit and 28 weeks

describe treatment step sin hyperemesis gravidum?

first is diet modification etc then do diphenhydramine then metoclopramide then ondansetron

what is best diagnostic test for PE in pregnancy?

Vq perfusion scan

if patient has gestational diabetes and refuses insulin, what other meds can be give?

metformin and glyburide

pregnant patietn who already has DM should have what tests done?

EKG, retinal exam, urine creatinine and protein

how long can latent stage last for prima and multip?

prima 20 hours | multi 14 hours

what is treatment of prolonged latent stage of labor?

rest and do nothing

what needs to be done for intraductal papilloma?

biopsy and remove to rule out underlying cancer

rx of chancroid?

azithromycin

rx of TOA?

cefoxitin and doxycycline

what is rx of TOA if patient has penicillin allergy?

clinda and gent

treatment of infertility in PCOS

clomiphene or letrozole

what is genotype of incomplete mole

69xxy or xxx

what is genotype of complete mole

46 xx or xy