3/15 Reading Flashcards
formula for number needed to treat
1/ARR where ARR is control event rate minus experimental event rate
formula for number needed to harm
1/Experimental event rate- control event rate
formula for relative risk? what type of study is it used in?
cohort…RR= risk in one group/risk of all other groups
how to calculate odds ratio? what is it used in?
case control studies…odds ratio = (a/b)/(c/d)
what is berkson bias?
only using hospitalized patients
what is hawthorne effect?
when participants know they are being watched
what is a type i error?
accidentally get a false positive result when really there is no relationship or null value is true
what is a type II error?
say theres no association when really there is
rx for hoarding disorder?
CBT
how does P vera cause abdominal pain?
can lead to budd chiari syndrome
what is imaging for bud chiari?
US
what is budd chiari?
hepatic vein thrombosis
sx of budd chiari?
abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin
what level of spine often gets facet dislocations?
cervical
what are symptoms of facet dislocations?
leads to radiculopathy of corresponding nerve root
if neonate has central cyanosis what are two possible causes?
cardiac or pulm issues
how od you tell if neonate has cardiac or pulm problem causing cyanosis?
if responds to O2 then pulm issue, if doesnt respond then cardiac
if there is concern for fetal growth restriction, what test should be done?
umbilical artery US
patient with T1DM is doing intense exercise training, what should be done to insulin regimen?
decrease basal and bolus levels
how do girls present with CAH?
virilization and salt wasting as an infant
if patient has normal external genitalia female and early onset of secondary sex characteristics, what might be the cause?
early adrenarche…especially if patient is obese
what are signs/sx of mccune albright syndrome?
peripheral precocious puberty, cafe au lait macules and bone dysplasia
3 features of blackfann anemia
macrocytic anemia
craniofacial anomalies
triphalangeal thumbs
what meds for tardive dyskinesia?
deutetrabenazine
do first or 2nd gen APs cause more tardive dyskinesia? what does this mean for treatment of it
1st more so can switch patient to 2nd if needed
how do you calculate SAAG for ascites?
serum albumin- ascites albumin
SAAg greater than what indicates portal hypertension/cirrhosis as cause of ascites?
greater than 1.1
bounding pulses are seen in what murmur?
aortic regurgitation
pulsus parvus et tardus is what?
delayed pulses…seen in AORTIC stenosis
what can MTX cause in lungs?
pneumonitis that leads to fibrosis
what babies definitely get iron supplementation?
premies
what movement does patella dislocation limit?
limits knee extension
what direction does patella dislocate to?
lateral
first line rx for giardia?
tinidazole or nitzoxamide
how long for MAO washout before SSRI?
2 weeks
aniridia is what?
NO IRIS
can kids with transient synovitys bear weight?
YES
do you see hepatojugular reflux in liver disease or right heart disease?
RIGHT heart disease
sturge weber syndrome?
port wine stain and brain/eye capillary/venous malformations
what are dysmorphic features of down syndrome?
upslanting palpebral fissures
flat nasal bridge
single palmar crease
what can be used to treat malignancy related hypercalcemia?
bisphosphonates
does RV increase or decrease in pregnancy?
decreases
does tidal volume increase or decrease in pregnancy?
increases
what causes GERD in pregnancy?
progesterone leads to relaxation of LES
when is cell free DNA testing done?
7 weeks gestation
what can cell free DNA test for in fetus?
sex, aneupoloidy, and some genetic stuff
what is the triple/quad screen? when?
second trimester…tests for AFP, hcg, estriol and inhibin A
what is changed in quad screen with patau syndrome?
increased AFP
what is changed in quad screen with edwards syndrome?
low estriol and hcg
what is changed in quad screen with down syndrome?
low afp and estriol
when do you do chorionic villus sampling?
if genetic aneuploidy is abnormal…10-13 weeks
what is an acceleration?
15 bpm increase in HR in less than 30 seconds
do VEAL CHOP
Variable…Cord compression
Early…Head compression
Accel…OKAY
Late…Placental insufficiecny
3 ways to help induce labor
oxytocin, prostaglandin, amniotomy
two options for ectopic pregnancy management?
MTX and surgery
when should second dose of MTX be given in ectopic pregnancy?
if between 4-7 days of therapy there has not been 15% drop in hcg
what can be given to help with abortion?
misoprostol
define short cervix in pregnancy?
less than 2.5 cm
what do you give patient with short cervix but no history of fetal loss?
vaginal progesterone
findings of congenital varicella?
zigzag lesions limb hypoplasia microcephaly chorioretnitis cataracts
how do you manage umbilical cord prolapse?
manual elevation and c sxn emergently
what two things are required to have preterm labor?
contractions and cervical dilation
and less than 37 weeks
what age should preterm labor be allowed ot continue as is
34 weeks and more
what is preferred tocolytic in preterm labor?
CCB
if patient has uterine rupture and is pregnant again, what is management/
c sxn at 36 weeks
for an Rh negative mom, when is antibody screening done?
at first prenatal visit and 28 weeks
describe treatment step sin hyperemesis gravidum?
first is diet modification etc
then do diphenhydramine
then metoclopramide
then ondansetron
what is best diagnostic test for PE in pregnancy?
Vq perfusion scan
if patient has gestational diabetes and refuses insulin, what other meds can be give?
metformin and glyburide
pregnant patietn who already has DM should have what tests done?
EKG, retinal exam, urine creatinine and protein
how long can latent stage last for prima and multip?
prima 20 hours
multi 14 hours
what is treatment of prolonged latent stage of labor?
rest and do nothing
what needs to be done for intraductal papilloma?
biopsy and remove to rule out underlying cancer
rx of chancroid?
azithromycin
rx of TOA?
cefoxitin and doxycycline
what is rx of TOA if patient has penicillin allergy?
clinda and gent
treatment of infertility in PCOS
clomiphene or letrozole
what is genotype of incomplete mole
69xxy or xxx
what is genotype of complete mole
46 xx or xy
