Day 12 Flashcards by Luke Hayek

what is first line med for angina episodes? How does it work?

beta blockers..decrease contractility

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what are two inhaled substances that can be in a fire?

cyanide and carbon monoxide

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what are signs of cyanide poisoning?

headache, vertigo, dizziness, tachycardia, hyperventilation, N/V

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what is preferred treatment of cyanide poisoning?

hydroxycobalamin

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define CHARGE syndrome

Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia choana
Retardation
Genitourinary
Ear abnormalities

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how does cryptococcal meningitis presemt?

progressive headache, N/V fever and malaise….over two week period usually

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what is Cd4 count to put at risk of cryptococcal meningitis?

100 or less

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what is imaging finding in JC virus PML?

patchy areas of white matter consistent with demyelination

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what is imaging finding of toxoplasmosis in HIV patient/

ring enhancing lesion

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when do you start aspirin for preeclampsia prevention?

12 weeks gestation

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what is MOA of tardive dyskinesia?

dopamine receptor supersensitivity

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whatshould be used to treat CKD induced 2ndary hyper PTH?

phosphate restriction and phosphate binders

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what is CAVSD? who gets it?

complete atrial ventricular septal defect…kids with T21

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what are murmurs of CAVSD?

fixed split S2 and systolic ejection murmur

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generalizability is the same as what?

external validity

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what are some risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

DM
abx use
OCPs
immunosuppression

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lab findings in babies from moms with DM

hypoglycemia
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia
hyperbilirubinemia

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signs of hypocalcemia in newborn?

will be really jittery

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what happens to heart rate before vasovagal syncope usually? why?

bradycardia…parasympathetic overload usually

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which of central or nephrogenic DI usually has abnormal Na levels? what is it?

central will have hypernatremia

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two MSK findings in cushing syndrome?

bone loss and myopathy

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perianal pruritis at night should make you think of what?

enterobius (pinworm) infection

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what is rx ofenterobius (pinworm) infection?

pyrantel pamoate or albendazole

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what will urine sodium be in chronic vomiting?

will be low

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what is the main difference between preseptal cellulitis and orbital sellulitis?

will have eye pain, proptosis and opthalmoplegia with orbital cellulitis

what is a bug that causes sepsis and skin ulcers?

pseudomonas

what is brain finding with status epilepticus?

cortical necrosis

what is management of ABO incompatability transfusion reaction?

stop it...support and fluids

what is rx of localized non bullous iimpetigo?

topical mupirocin or other topical Abx

what is rx of diffuse non bullous impetigo?

oral cephalexin or dicloxacillin

papules and pustules that develop goldne crusting is what?

impetigo

patients without high risk of STI get screening when in pregncny?

just 1st trimester

patients with high risk of STIs get screening when in pregnancy?

1st and 3rd trimester

what are symptoms of sertoli leydig tumor in female?

oligomenorrhea, rapid onset virilization, clitoromegaly, muscle mass increase

what are levels of testosterone and DHEA in sertoli leydig tumor?

testosterone high and DHEA low

explain what causes aromatase deficiency issues

aromatase is not converting DHEA into estradiol so get virilization...

what are testosterone and DHEA levels in aromatase deficiency?

testosterone nromal DHEA is high

liver mass with central scar

focal nodular hyperplasia

can patietns with focal nodular hyperplasia keep using OCP?

yes

can patient with hepatic adenoma keep using OCP?

what happens to joint space in OA versus avascular necrosis?

is preseverd in avascular necrosis but lost in OA

will patient with GBS have reflexes?

no they will be lost

what is rx of GBS?

IVIG or plasmapheresis

normal heoglobin A is made of what?

alpha and beta

fetal hemoglobin is made of what

alpha and gamma

hgb A2 is made of what?

alpha and delta

what hemoglobin globulin is issue in sickle cell

beta

what is shape of cystine kidney stones?

hexagonal

what happens to calcium, magnesium and potassium levels with HCTZ?

ALLL LOW

femoral neck fracture leads to what position change in leg?

shortened and externally rotated

ages for meningococcal vaccine?

11 and 16

name the live vaccines

intranasal flu MMRV yellow fever

what is rx for methanol/ethanol poisoning?

fomepizole

what are two treatment options first line for alcohol cravings?

naloxone, and acamprosate

when should you choose acamprosate for alcohol cravings over naloxone?

if patient has liver disease or using other opioids

two bugs that if found infected with, patient should get colonoscopy

strep bovis and clostridium septicum

three abx options in pregnancy UTI

macrobid, augmentin and cephalexin

in young girl, if she has vaginal foreign body what should be done to remove it?

irrigate with warm water and local anesthetic

what are some risk factors for restless leg syndrome?

diabetes, iron deficiency, pregnancy

what is rx of RLS?

gabapentin

what is moA of gabapentin?

alph 2 delta calcium channel

3 meds that can induce methemoglobinemia

dapsone benzocaine nitrates

what are findings in chronic supporotiva otitis media

chronic purulent otorrhea | hearing loss

what bugs cause chronic supooritivea otitis media?

staph and pseudo

what is difference between aplastic crisis and aplastic anemia?

anemia is pancytopenia, crisis is just bad anemia

in acute panic attack, what should be given?

benzo

does zika virus cause macrocephaly or microcephaly?

microcephaly

what are findings of congenital toxoplasmosis?

chorioretinitis diffuse intracranial calcifications seizures micro or macrocephaly

how is toxoplasmosis transmitted to mom?

undercooked meat or cat shit

treatment of nummular eczema?

steroids topically

who gets nummular eczema?

middle aged men

what causes lichen simplex chronicus?

recurrent itching of same skin

what is chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

pain in pelvis or genitalia, pain with ejaculation, irritative voiding sx

how does prostate feel in chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

normal

parkinsons from antipsychotic use is treated how?

if psychotic working then continue and add benztropine

treatment of TCA overdose?

sodium bicarb for cardiac issues charcoal if within 2 hours of ingestion fluids and oxygen

what are some causes of minimal variability in fetal HR tracing?

opioids, fetal sleep, hypoxia

define minimal variability of fetal HR

<5bpm variation

describe body dysmorphic disorder

patient very focused on specific flaws in appearance and leads to compulsions and actions to "fix" these

what is rx of body dysmorphic disorder?

SSRIs

what is somatic symptom disorder?

preoccupation with physical sx like abdominal pain or

what are clinical features of PKU?

severe ID seizures musty body odor blue eyes and fair skin

what is rx of PKU?

restrict dietary phenylalanine

how to diagnose PKU?

amino acid quantification

nocardia rx is what?

bactrim

actinomyces rx is what?

penicillin

which toxic alcohol causes calcium oxalate stones?

ethylene glycol

what two bugs are most common in acute cervical lymphadenitis in a kid?

strep pyo and staph aureus

what abx fo acute cervical lymphadenitis in a kid?

augmentin or clindamycin