Culture, religion and society 2 Flashcards
تَراوحَ – یَتَراوَحُ
to fluctuate, alternate or vary; to intervene
اِرتاحَ – یَرتاحُ
to find rest, to relax; to be satisfied or pleased
اِستَراحَ – یَستَریحُ
to be calm; to take a rest or a break
ریحٌ (ریاحٌ)
wind; smell, odour; fart
روحٌ (أَرواحٌ)
soul, spirit; breath
روحِيٌّ
spiritual
راحَةٌ
rest, leisure, recreation, vacation
ریحةٌ / رائِحةٌ
smell, odour
أَریَحِیّةٌ
generosity, liberality, munificence
رَیْحانٌ (رَیاحینُ)
sweet basil; pl: aromatic plants
مِروحَةٌ (مَراوِحُ)
fan, ventilator
صلاةُ التَّراویحِ
prayer performed during the nights of Ramadan
اِرتِیاحٌ
satisfaction, gratification, pleasure
اِستِراحَةٌ (اِستِراحاتٌ)
relaxation, recreation; break, recess, intermission
مُریحٌ
comfortable, calming, restful
مُرتاحٌ
resting, relaxing; calm, serene
زكا – یَزكو
to thrive or flourish; to be just or righteous
زَكّى – یُزَكّي
to increase or augment; to justify, commend or praise
تَزَكّى – یَتَزَكّى
to be purified
زَكاءٌ
growth; purity, integrity
زَكاةٌ
alms (one of Islam’s pillars), charity; purity, integrity, honesty
تَزكِیَةٌ
purification
تَزَمَّتَ – یَتَزَمَّتُ
to be prim; to be sedate
تَزَمُّتٌ
primness; gravity, sedateness
مُتَزَمّتٌ (مُتَزمّتونَ)
narrow-minded, intolerant; grave, stern
تَزَندقَ – یَتَزَندَقُ
to be a freethinker; to be an atheist
زَندَقَةٌ
disbelief, atheism
زِندیقٌ (زَنادِقَةٌ)
freethinker; atheist; unbelievable
زَنى – یَزني
to fornicate, to commit adultery
زِنىً / زِناءٌ
adultery, fornication
زَھَدَ – یَزْھَدُ
to abstain from or renounce; to forsake; to lead a pious, ascetic life
زَھَّدَ – یُزَھّدُ
to induce to withdraw; to spoil someone’s pleasure in (sth)
تَزَھَّدَ – یَتَزَھّدُ
to practise asceticism, to withdraw from the world
اِستَزھَدَ – یَستَزھِدُ
to deem little, insignificant or trifling
زُھدٌ
indifference; renunciation, abstinence
زَھیدٌ
little, low, insignificant
تَزَھُّدٌ
asceticism
زاھِدٌ (زُھّادٌ)
ascetic; abstinent (adj) (also a boy’s name in the singular)
سَجَد – یَسْجُدُ
to bow down or prostrate oneself; to worship (God)
سَجدةٌ (سَجداتٌ)
prostration in prayer
سُجودٌ
prostration; adoration, worship
سَجَّادَةٌ (سَجاجیدُ)
carpet; prayer rug
مَسجِدٌ (مَساجِدُ)
mosques
المَسْجِدُ الْحرامُ
the Holy Mosque in Mecca
المَسْجِدُ الأَقصى الشَّریفُ
the Holy Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem
المَسجِدُ الْحَرامُ
the Holy Mosque in Mecca
سَحرَ – یَسْحَرُ
to bewitch, charm, enchant or fascinate
سَحَّرَ – یُسَحّرُ
to bewitch, charm, enchant or fascinate
تَسَحَّرَ – یَتَسَحَّرُ
to have a light meal (before daybreak)
سِحرٌ (سُحورٌ / أَسحارٌ)
magic, enchantment, sorcery, witchcraft
سَحَرٌ (أَسحارٌ)
early morning, dawn (also a girl’s name in the singular)
سَحورٌ / سُحورٌ
meal taken at night before the start of a fast
ساحِرٌ (سَحَرَةٌ)
sorcerer, magician, wizard
ساحِرةٌ (ساحِراتٌ / سَواحِرُ)
witch, sorceress
سَلِمَ – یَسْلَمُ
to be safe and sound, to be unharmed; to be certain or established
اِستَسلَمَ – یَستَسلِمُ
to surrender, capitulate, submit or succumb
سَلامٌ (سلاماتٌ)
peace, safety, security, well-being; a greeting
إسْلامٌ
submission
الإسْلامُ
Islam
الرّابِطةُ الإسْلامیّةُ
the Muslim League
اِستِسلامٌ
surrender, capitulation, submission; resignation
مُسْلِمٌ (مُسلِمونَ)
Muslim
سَنَّ – یَسُنُّ
to sharpen, whet or hone; to introduce or establish (laws, customs)
سَنَّنَ – یُسَنّنُ
to sharpen, whet or hone; to grow teeth (of a baby)
أَسَنَّ – یُسِنُّ
to teethe or grow teeth; to age or grow old
اِستَنَّ – یَستَنُّ
to take or follow (a way); to establish or enact (law, custom)
سَنٌّ
introduction; enactment (law, custom)
سِنٌّ (أَسْنانٌ)
a tooth or tusk; age
سِنُّ التَّقاعُدِ
retirement age
سُنَّةٌ (سُنَنٌ)
custom, tradition, norm, practice
السُّنَّةُ
Prophet’s Sunna, teaching of the Prophet Muhammad
مَسنونٌ
prescribed as Sunna; sanctioned by law and custom; sharpened
مُسِنٌّ
old-aged, advanced in years
سَوَّرَ – یُسَوِّرُ
to enclose, fence in or surround
ساوَرَ – یُساوِرُ
to leap, assail, attack or assault
تَسَوَّرَ – یَتَسَوّرُ
to scale (a wall or cliff)
سورٌ (أَسْوارٌ)
wall, enclosure, fence
سُورَةٌ (سُوَرٌ)
sura, chapter of the Quran
شَبَحٌ (أَشباحٌ)
phantom, ghost, apparition; an indistinct shape
شاءَ – یَشاءُ
to want or wish
شَيءٌ (أَشیاءُ)
thing, something
شُوَیَّةٌ
a little, a bit (commonly used in the dialects)
مَشیئَةٌ
wish, volition, will, desire
بِمشیئَةِ للهِ
by God’s will
تَشیْطَنَ – یَتَشیطنُ
to behave like a devil
شَیطانٌ (شَیاطینُ)
Devil, Satan
شَیطانِيٌّ
devilish, demonic
شَیطَنَةٌ
devilry, villainy
شاعَ – یَشیعُ
to spread out or diffuse; to become known or public
أَشاعَ – یُشیعُ
to spread, divulge, publish or make known
شیعةٌ (شِیَعٌ)
followers, disciples; sect
شیعةٌ (شِیَعٌ)
followers, disciples; sect
الشّیعَةُ
the Shiites
شیعِيٌّ (شیعیّونَ / شِیَعَةٌ)
Shiite
شُیوعٌ
spread or circulation (of news)
شُیوعِيٌّ (شُیوعِیّونَ)
Communist
الشُیوعِیَّةُ
communism
إشاعةٌ
rumour
شائِعٌ
common, popular, widespread, general
شائِعَةٌ (شائِعاتٌ)
rumour
مُشاعٌ
the public domain; widespread
صَبَرَ – یَصبِرُ
to be patient; to bind or tie
صَبَّرَ – یُصَبّرُ
to ask someone to be patient; to console or comfort
صابرَ – یُصابِرُ
to bear stoutly
تَصَبَّرَ – یَتَصَبَّرُ
to be patient or to persevere
صبْرٌ
patience, endurance, hardiness; self-control
صَبرةٌ / صَبارَةٌ
severe cold
صَبورٌ (صُبُرٌ)
patient, enduring, steadfast
صابِرٌ (صابِرونَ)
patient, long-suffering, steadfast
صَلَبَ – یَصلُبُ
to crucify
صَلَّبَ – یُصَلّبُ
to crucify; to make the sign of the cross; to fold (arms)
صَلْبٌ
crucifixion
صَلیبٌ (صُلْبانٌ)
crucifix, cross
الْحُروبُ الصَّلیبیّةُ
the Crusades
الصَّلیبیّونَ
the Crusaders
صَلّى – یُصَلّي
to pray or worship
صَلاةٌ (صَلَواتٌ)
salat, Islamic prayer; blessing, grace, benediction
الصَّلاةُ الرَّبّانیَّةُ
the Lord’s Prayer
مُصلّىً
prayer place
صوفٌ (أَصْوافٌ)
wool
صوفِيٌّ
wool, woollen; Sufi, Islamic mystic
الصّوفِیّةُ
Sufism
التَّصوُّفُ
Sufism, mysticism
صامَ – یَصومُ
to fast; to abstain from food, drink and sexual intercourse
صَوْمٌ
fasting; abstinence
الصَّوْمُ الْكبیرُ
Lent
صِیامٌ
fasting (noun); fast
صائِمٌ (صائِمونَ)
fasting (adj); one who fasts
ضَحِيَ – یَضحى
to appear or become visible
ضَحَّى – یُضَحّي
to sacrifice or offer up
أَضحى – یُضحي
to begin, start or commence
ضُحىً
forenoon
بَینَ عَشیَّةٍ وضُحاھا
over night, from one day to the next
ضَحیَّةٌ (ضَحایا)
forenoon; sacrifice, slaughter, blood sacrifice, victim
العیدُ الْكبیرُ / عیدُ الأَضحى
the big Eid, Eid al-Adha (Eid of Sacrifice after Hajj)
تَضحِیَةٌ (تَضحِیَاتٌ)
sacrifice
ضاحیَةٌ (ضَواحٍ)
vicinity; suburb, outskirts
طَھَرَ – یَطْھُرُ
to be clean or pure
طَھَّرَ – یُطَھّرُ
to clean, cleanse, disinfect or sterilise; to circumcise
طاھَرَ – یُطاھِرُ
to circumcise
تَطَھَّرَ – یَتَطھّرُ
to clean oneself; to do one’s ablutions
طُھْرٌ
cleanliness, purity
طَھارَةٌ
cleanliness; sanctity; circumcision
تَطھیرٌ
cleansing, cleaning, purification
تَطھیرٌ عِرقِيٌّ
ethnic cleansing
طاھِرٌ
clean, pure
مُطَھّرٌ (مُطَھّراتٌ)
antiseptic
مُطَھّرٌ (مُطَھّرونَ)
a person who performs circumcision
طافَ – یَطوفُ
to circle, go about, wander, rove or tour; to overflow
طَوَّفَ – یُطَوِّفُ
to circle, go about or walk around; also going around the Kaaba in
Mecca
تَطَوَّفَ – یَتَطَوّفُ
to roam, wander or walk (around Kaaba)
طَوافٌ
round, circuit, circumambulation (of the Kaaba)
الطَّوافُ حولَ الكَعبةِ
circumambulation around the Kaaba
طَوَّافٌ
itinerant, migrant, wandering
طوفانٌ
flood, inundation, deluge
طائِفٌ
itinerant, migrant, roving
طائِفِيٌّ
factional, sectarian; confessional
طائِفَةٌ (طَوائِفُ)
faction, sect, party, group, troop; part; number
طائِفَةٌ أَقلّیةٌ
minority faction
طائِفیَّةٌ
sectarianism
مُنافَساتٌ طائِفیَّةٌ
sectarian rivalries
عَبَدَ – یَعْبُدُ
to worship; to serve; to adore or idolise
عَبَّدَ – یُعَبّدُ
to enslave or subjugate
تَعبَّدَ – یَتَعبَّدُ
to devote oneself to God
اِستَعبدَ – یَستَعبِدُ
to enslave or subjugate
عَبْدٌ (عَبیدٌ)
slave, servant
عِبادَةٌ (عِباداتٌ)
worship, adoration; pl: acts of worship
عِبادَةُ الشَّخصِ
cult of personality
عُبودِیَّةٌ
slavery, servitude; worship
مَعْبَدٌ (مَعابِدُ)
place of worship
تَعبیدٌ
enslavement, subjugation
تَعَبُّدٌ
worship, devotion
اِستِعبادٌ
enslavement, subjugation
الاِستِعبادُ الجِنسِيُّ
sexual slavery
عابِدٌ (عابِدونَ)
worshipper
مَعبودٌ
worshipped, adored; an idol
مُتَعَبّدٌ
pious, devout
عَذَرَ – یَعذُرُ
to excuse or forgive
تَعَذَّرَ – یَتَعَذّرُ
to be difficult or impossible
اِعتَذرَ – یَعتَذِرُ
to excuse oneself or apologise
اِستَعذرَ – یَستَعذِرُ
to excuse oneself or apologise
عُذرٌ (أَعذارٌ)
an excuse
عُذرَةٌ
virginity
عَذراءُ (عَذارى / عَذراواتٌ)
virgin
مَریَمُ العَذراءُ
the Holy Virgin Mary
مَعذِرةٌ (مَعاذِرُ)
an excuse, a pardon
تَعَذُّرٌ
difficulty, impossibility
اِعتِذارٌ (اِعتِذاراتٌ)
apology, excuse
مَعذورٌ
excused, justified
مُتَعَذِّرٌ
difficult, impracticable, impossible
تَعَفرَتَ – یَتَعَفرَتُ
to behave like a demon
عِفریتٌ (عَفاریتُ)
demon, devil; sly, cunning,
عَفرَتَةٌ
devilry, villainy; a dirty trick
عَفَّ – یَعِفُّ
to refrain or abstain; to be chaste or virtuous
تَعَفَّفَ – یَتَعفَّفُ
to refrain or abstain; to be chaste or virtuous; to be shy
عِفَّةٌ
abstinence; virtue, decency, chastity
عَفیفٌ (أَعِفّاءُ)
modest, chaste, virtuous, pure
عَفافٌ
chastity (also a girl’s name)
تَعَفُّفٌ
abstinence, restraint; chastity, modesty
مُتَعفّفٌ
chaste, modest, decent, honest
عَلا – یَعلو
to be high or elevated; to rise or ascend
عَلّى – یُعَلّي
to raise, lift or elevate
أَعلى – یُعلي
to raise, lift or elevate
تَعلّى – یَتَعلّى
to rise or become high
تَعالى – یَتَعالى
to rise or ascend; to be high or exalted
اِعتَلى – یَعتلي
to rise or ascend; to be high or exalted
اِستَعلى – یَستَعلي
to rise; to take possession or master; to become haughty
عُلُوٌّ
height, elevation, altitude; greatness
عَلوِيٌّ (العَلَوِیّونَ)
upper; heavenly, celestial; Alawi; pl: Alawites
عَلى
(prep) on, above, over
عَلِيٌّ
high, tall, elevated (also a boy’s name)
عَلاءٌ
high rank, nobility (also a boy’s name)
تَعلِیَةٌ
elevation, raising; enhancement
اِعتِلاءٌ
ascension, promotion to an office or station
اِستِعلاءٌ
superiority
عَنّقَ – یُعَنّقُ
to grab by the neck or collar
عانَقَ – یُعانِقُ
to embrace or hug; to associate closely
تَعانَقَ – یَتَعانَقُ
to embrace each other
اِعتَنَقَ – یَعتَنِقُ
to adopt or embrace (a religion/person); to be converted
عُنُقٌ (أَعناقٌ)
neck, nape
عِناقٌ / مُعانَقةٌ
an embrace or hug
اِعتِناقٌ
adoption (of a religion, doctrine)
عَیَّدَ – یُعَیّدُ
to celebrate, to observe a feast; to wish a merry feast
عایَدَ – یُعایِدُ
to felicitate on the occasion of a feast, to wish a merry feast
عیدٌ (أَعیادٌ)
festival, feast, celebratory day
عیدِیَّةٌ
gift presented on a feast day
عیدُ میلادٍ
birthday
عیدُ میلادٍ سَعیدٍ
happy birthday
كُلُّ عامٍ وأَنْتَ بِخَیرٍ
many happy returns of the day (birthdays, religious festivals)
الأَعیادُ الْوَطَنِیَّةُ
national holidays
عیدُ الأُمِّ
Mother’s Day
عیدُ الأَبِ
Father’s Day
عیدُ الحُبِّ
Valentine’s Day
عیدُ الإسْتِقلالِ
Independence Day
عیدُ العُمّالِ
Labour Day
العیدُ الصَّغیرِ / عیدُ الفِطْرِ
the small Eid, Eid al-Fitr (at the end of Ramadan)
عیدٌ مُبارَكٌ
Blessed Eid, Blessed festival1
الأَعْیادُ الإسلامِیّةُ
Muslim festivals
الأَعیادُ المَسیحِیّةُ
Christian festivals
عیدُ میلادِ المَسیحِ
Jesus’s birthday
عیدُ المیلادِ المَجیدِ
Christmas
عیدُ میلادٍ سَعیدٍ
Merry Christmas
عیدُ الشُّكرِ
Thanksgiving day
عیدُ الرُّقاقِ
Passover
عیدُ العُرشِ / یَومُ كیبور
Yom Kippur
غَفَرَ – یَغفِرُ
to forgive or pardon
اِغتَفَرَ – یَغْتَفِرُ
to forgive or grant pardon
اِستَغفرَ – یَستَغفِرُ
to ask someone’s pardon or forgiveness
غَفورٌ
very forgiving
الغَفورُ
very forgiving (one of Allah’s names)
غَفّارٌ
very forgiving
الغَفّارُ
very forgiving (one of Allah’s names)
غُفرانٌ
forgiveness, pardon (also a girl’s name)
عیدُ الْغُفرانِ
Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur
أَستغفرُ للهَ
I ask for God’s forgiveness, forgive me; Heaven forbid
اِستِغفارٌ
asking for forgiveness (from God), repentance
مَغفِرَةٌ
pardon, forgiveness
مَغفورٌ
forgiven
المَغفورُ لَھُ
the deceased, the late
فَتَنَ – یَفتِنُ
to seduce, tempt or entice; to torture or torment; to denounce
فِتنةٌ (فِتَنٌ)
sedition; temptation
فَحَشَ – یَفحُشُ
to be monstrous or behave atrociously; to exceed accepted bounds; to
be shameless
أَفحَشَ – یُفحِشُ
to use obscene language; to commit atrocities
تَفاحَشَ – یَتَفاحَشُ
to be monstrous or behave atrociously; to exceed accepted bounds;
to use obscene language
فُحشٌ / فاحِشةٌ
indecency, obscenity
فَحْشاءُ
monstrosity, abomination, atrocity; fornication
فاحِشٌ
monstrous, immoderate, excessive, obscene
فاحِشةٌ (فواحِشُ)
sin, abomination, atrocity; fornication
فَسَدَ – یَفسِدُ
to be or become rotten; to be wicked or corrupt
فَسَّدَ – یُفَسّدُ
to spoil, ruin, corrupt or degrade
أَفسدَ – یُفسِدُ
to spoil, ruin, destroy or corrupt; to undermine
فَسادٌ
decay, decomposition; corruption, depravity, immorality
مَفسَدَةٌ (مَفاسِدُ)
cause of evil; scandalous deed
الفَراغُ مُفسدَةٌ
the devil makes work for idle hands
فاسِدٌ (فَاسِدونَ)
bad, rotten, spoiled, decayed, corrupt
مُمارَساتٌ فاسِدَةٌ
corrupt practices
أفصَحَ – یُفصِحُ
to celebrate Easter; to celebrate Passover
فِصحٌ (فُصوحٌ)
Passover, Easter
عیدُ الفِصْحِ
Easter
أحَدُ الفِصْحِ المَجیدِ
Easter Sunday
فَطَرَ – یَفطِرُ
to break the fast, to have breakfast; to split or cleave
أَفطرَ – یُفطِرُ
to break the fast, to have breakfast
تَفطَّرَ – یَتَفَطَّرُ
to be split, cleft or broken
فَطْرٌ (فُطورٌ)
a crack or rupture
فِطرٌ
fast breaking
فُطْرٌ
mushrooms, fungi
فِطْرَةٌ (فِطَرٌ)
nature, disposition, constitution
إفطارٌ
breaking the fast during Ramadan
فَطورٌ
breakfast outside of Ramadan
الفاطِرُ
the Creator (one of Allah’s names)
قَدَرَ – یَقدِرُ
to decree or ordain (of God); to decide; to be able or to possess strength
قَدَّرَ – یُقَدِّرُ
to determine or decree; to value or assess
أَقدرَ – یُقدِرُ
to enable
تَقَدَّرَ – یَتَقَدَّرُ
to be appointed or assigned; to be determined
اِستَقدَرَ – یَستَقدِرُ
to ask (God) for strength
قَدَرٌ (أَقدارٌ)
fate, destination, divine decree; rank; value; extent, scope
لیْلَةُ القَدْرِ
Lailat al-Qadr2
لا قَدَّرَ للهُ
God forbid
القَضاءُ والقَدَرُ
fate and pre-destiny
قِدرٌ (قُدورٌ)
cooking pot
