Coombs Test

Question 1

Sensitization of red cell can occur

Answer 1

in vitro or in vivo

Question 2

The use of AHG serum to detect sensitization of red cell in vitro can be

Answer 2

DAT and IAT

Question 3

Sensitization of rbc may be with

Answer 3

Igg or complement

Question 4

In prder for agglutination to occur an additional of

Answer 4

Anti antibody or anti complement

Question 5

In order for agglutination to occur up addition of anti ab or anti compelemnt which reacts with

Answer 5

Fc portion of igg ab or with c3b or c3d component of compelement

Question 6

This will form a bridge between the Ab or complement coating the red cell causing what

Answer 6

Agglutination

Question 7

The coating of red cell can occur in vivo or in vitro incubating at and with what

Answer 7

37 deg and with serum containing Ab

Question 8

Injecting human serum or purified globulin into rabbits goats or sheep

Answer 8

Classic method or hyperimmunization of rabits

Question 9

The rabbits produce what

Answer 9

Ab to human globulin or anti Igg or against human complement or anti complement

Question 10

This results to the production of polyclonal Ab which recognize different epitopes

Answer 10

Classic method or hyperimmunization of rabbit

Question 11

This can be used to produce monoclonak ab which are derived from one clone of plasma and recognize a single epitope

Answer 11

Hybridoma technology or kohler and milstein echnique

Question 12

Lab animals in hybridoma techniques used what

Answer 12

Rats

Question 13

These rats are immuniEd with

Answer 13

Purofied human globulin

Question 14

After suitable immune response i hybridoma technique mouse spleen containing ah secreting lymphocytes are fused with

Answer 14

Myeloma cells

Question 15

Are scree for ab with the required specificity and affinity

Answer 15

Hybridomas

Question 16

The ab secreti clones are then propagated in tissue culture or inoculating into mice in which case the ab is collected as

Answer 16

Ascites

Question 17

Types of AHG Rgt

Answer 17

Polyspecific anti human globulin

Monospecific rgts

Question 18

Anti igg alone or anti c3b-c3d alone

Answer 18

Monospecific rgt

Question 19

Blend of anti igg and anti c3b c3d

Answer 19

Polyspecific anti human globulin

Question 20

Strong complement activator

Answer 20

Igm

Question 21

Igm coating of cells comes from the presence of

Answer 21

C3 coating the cells

Question 22

In dat cells are coated

Answer 22

Invivo

Question 23

Cells are washed to remove

Answer 23

Unbound globulin

Question 24

Addition of anti human globulin promotes

Answer 24

Agglutination after centri

Question 25

Detects in vivo sensitization of rbc with igg or complement components

Answer 25

Dat

Question 26

Clin condition that can cause invivo coaating of rbc with ab or complements are

Answer 26

Hdn Htr Autoimmune HA and drug induced HA

Question 27

When recipient ab coat donor rbc

Answer 27

Htr

Question 28

Where auto ab coat individual rbc

Answer 28

Autoimmune HA

Question 29

When the maternal ab coat fetal rbc in mothers circulation

Answer 29

Hdn

Question 30

Ex of alloimmune hemolysis

Answer 30

Htr and hdn | Warm and cold ab

Question 31

Under htr of alloimmune hemolysis are

Answer 31

Rhesus D, abo, anti kell, rhesus c, E

Question 32

Other blood groups incompatibility

Answer 32

RhC, Rhe. kidd, duffy, MN, P

Question 33

Under autoimmune HA ARE

Answer 33

Warm an and cold Ab

Question 34

Under warm Ab

Answer 34

Idiopathic SLE Evans syndrome

Question 35

Antiplatelet ab and HA

Answer 35

Evans syndrome

Question 36

Cold ab

Answer 36

Idiopathic and hemagglutinin syndrome Infectious mononucleosis Pch

Question 37

Drug induced immune mediated hemolysis

Answer 37

Methyldopa Penicillin Quinidine

Question 38

Igg mediated type ii hypersensitivity drug

Answer 38

Methyldopa

Question 39

Igm mediated activation of classical act and membrane attac complex

Answer 39

Quinidine

Question 40

Blood tube used in dat

Answer 40

Edta or citrate

Question 41

If its not reactive this would occur it

Answer 41

Rgt deteriorated in storage The rgt contaminated by serum The cells insufficiently washed and serum had neutralized Ahg rgt

Question 42

To determine the presence of sensitizationof red cells with igg and complement in virro

Answer 42

IAT

Question 43

IAT done complement in vitro in the ff condition

Answer 43

Compatibility testing Screening and detection of unexpected ab in serum Determination of red cell phenotype K, Lea, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and subgroup rh by know pn sera

Question 44

One stage method additive method in iat

Answer 44

Bovine albumin 22%

Question 45

Pricedure of one stage method

Answer 45

2 drops of BVA and added in step 2 of sakine Incubate 20-30mins at 37 As saline iat procedure

Question 46

false neg results in dat and iat

Answer 46

``` Failure to wash rbc Improper storage Not adding AHH Improper centri No of cells present ```

Question 47

Too many cells will give

Answer 47

Weak reaction

Question 48

Few dells will give

Answer 48

Impair reading of agglutination

Question 49

Globulins are not bound to rbc will neutralize

Answer 49

Ahg rgt

Question 50

The optimum ratio is

Answer 50

80 parts ab to 1 part ag

Question 51

Ab saturating all ag sites, no ab forming cross linkages between cells no agglutination

Answer 51

Prozone ab excess

Question 52

Ab and ag present in optimum ratio agglutination formed

Answer 52

Zone of equivalence

Question 53

Too many ag, any agg is hidden by masses of unagglutinated ag

Answer 53

Zone of Ag excess post zone

Question 54

In dat, all samples neg at ahg phase should be

Answer 54

Incubated at room temp for 5'ins to maximal sensitivity needed for compliment

Question 55

Iat serum or rbc loss reactivity if

Answer 55

Improperly stored

Question 56

Plasma used instead of serum can kead to failure to

Answer 56

Detect ab depending kn the presence of active complement anti jka and jkb

Question 57

In iat this can affect attachment of ab or complement

Answer 57

Temp and incubation

Question 58

In iat an optimal prep of serum to cells should be achieved by

Answer 58

2-3 drops pf serum to 1 drop 5% rcs

Question 59

In fp ditry glasswares may cause

Answer 59

Clumping of cells

Question 60

A positive dat from a clotted sample should be

Answer 60

Repeated on edta sample

Question 61

In fpa datSamples collected from infusion line may have

Answer 61

Complement present on cells

Question 62

Cells with a posituve dat will give a pos reskt in any

Answer 62

IAT procedure

Question 63

To show thta test were washed and no neutralization or rgt deterioration gas occur

Answer 63

Coombs cells

Question 64

It is used as as posituve indicator in coombs test

Answer 64

Ab coated cells

Question 65

Failure of igg sensitized cells to agglutinate inducated

Answer 65

Original neg antiglobulin test result is not valid and must repeated

Question 66

Uwed to detect red cell semsitized with igg alloAb, igg autoAb or complement components

Answer 66

Antiglobulin test