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Blood Banking > Coombs Test > Flashcards

Coombs Test Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitization of red cell can occur

A

in vitro or in vivo

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2
Q

The use of AHG serum to detect sensitization of red cell in vitro can be

A

DAT and IAT

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3
Q

Sensitization of rbc may be with

A

Igg or complement

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4
Q

In prder for agglutination to occur an additional of

A

Anti antibody or anti complement

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5
Q

In order for agglutination to occur up addition of anti ab or anti compelemnt which reacts with

A

Fc portion of igg ab or with c3b or c3d component of compelement

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6
Q

This will form a bridge between the Ab or complement coating the red cell causing what

A

Agglutination

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7
Q

The coating of red cell can occur in vivo or in vitro incubating at and with what

A

37 deg and with serum containing Ab

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8
Q

Injecting human serum or purified globulin into rabbits goats or sheep

A

Classic method or hyperimmunization of rabits

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9
Q

The rabbits produce what

A

Ab to human globulin or anti Igg or against human complement or anti complement

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10
Q

This results to the production of polyclonal Ab which recognize different epitopes

A

Classic method or hyperimmunization of rabbit

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11
Q

This can be used to produce monoclonak ab which are derived from one clone of plasma and recognize a single epitope

A

Hybridoma technology or kohler and milstein echnique

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12
Q

Lab animals in hybridoma techniques used what

A

Rats

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13
Q

These rats are immuniEd with

A

Purofied human globulin

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14
Q

After suitable immune response i hybridoma technique mouse spleen containing ah secreting lymphocytes are fused with

A

Myeloma cells

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15
Q

Are scree for ab with the required specificity and affinity

A

Hybridomas

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16
Q

The ab secreti clones are then propagated in tissue culture or inoculating into mice in which case the ab is collected as

A

Ascites

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17
Q

Types of AHG Rgt

A

Polyspecific anti human globulin

Monospecific rgts

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18
Q

Anti igg alone or anti c3b-c3d alone

A

Monospecific rgt

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19
Q

Blend of anti igg and anti c3b c3d

A

Polyspecific anti human globulin

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20
Q

Strong complement activator

A

Igm

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21
Q

Igm coating of cells comes from the presence of

A

C3 coating the cells

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22
Q

In dat cells are coated

A

Invivo

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23
Q

Cells are washed to remove

A

Unbound globulin

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24
Q

Addition of anti human globulin promotes

A

Agglutination after centri

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25
Q

Detects in vivo sensitization of rbc with igg or complement components

A

Dat

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26
Q

Clin condition that can cause invivo coaating of rbc with ab or complements are

A

Hdn
Htr
Autoimmune HA and drug induced HA

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27
Q

When recipient ab coat donor rbc

A

Htr

28
Q

Where auto ab coat individual rbc

A

Autoimmune HA

29
Q

When the maternal ab coat fetal rbc in mothers circulation

A

Hdn

30
Q

Ex of alloimmune hemolysis

A

Htr and hdn

Warm and cold ab

31
Q

Under htr of alloimmune hemolysis are

A

Rhesus D, abo, anti kell, rhesus c, E

32
Q

Other blood groups incompatibility

A

RhC, Rhe. kidd, duffy, MN, P

33
Q

Under autoimmune HA ARE

A

Warm an and cold Ab

34
Q

Under warm Ab

A

Idiopathic
SLE
Evans syndrome

35
Q

Antiplatelet ab and HA

A

Evans syndrome

36
Q

Cold ab

A

Idiopathic and hemagglutinin syndrome
Infectious mononucleosis
Pch

37
Q

Drug induced immune mediated hemolysis

A

Methyldopa
Penicillin
Quinidine

38
Q

Igg mediated type ii hypersensitivity drug

A

Methyldopa

39
Q

Igm mediated activation of classical act and membrane attac complex

A

Quinidine

40
Q

Blood tube used in dat

A

Edta or citrate

41
Q

If its not reactive this would occur it

A

Rgt deteriorated in storage
The rgt contaminated by serum
The cells insufficiently washed and serum had neutralized Ahg rgt

42
Q

To determine the presence of sensitizationof red cells with igg and complement in virro

A

IAT

43
Q

IAT done complement in vitro in the ff condition

A

Compatibility testing
Screening and detection of unexpected ab in serum
Determination of red cell phenotype K, Lea, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and subgroup rh by know pn sera

44
Q

One stage method additive method in iat

A

Bovine albumin 22%

45
Q

Pricedure of one stage method

A

2 drops of BVA and added in step 2 of sakine
Incubate 20-30mins at 37
As saline iat procedure

46
Q

false neg results in dat and iat

A 
Failure to wash rbc
Improper storage
Not adding AHH
Improper centri
No of cells present
47
Q

Too many cells will give

A

Weak reaction

48
Q

Few dells will give

A

Impair reading of agglutination

49
Q

Globulins are not bound to rbc will neutralize

A

Ahg rgt

50
Q

The optimum ratio is

A

80 parts ab to 1 part ag

51
Q

Ab saturating all ag sites, no ab forming cross linkages between cells no agglutination

A

Prozone ab excess

52
Q

Ab and ag present in optimum ratio agglutination formed

A

Zone of equivalence

53
Q

Too many ag, any agg is hidden by masses of unagglutinated ag

A

Zone of Ag excess post zone

54
Q

In dat, all samples neg at ahg phase should be

A

Incubated at room temp for 5’ins to maximal sensitivity needed for compliment

55
Q

Iat serum or rbc loss reactivity if

A

Improperly stored

56
Q

Plasma used instead of serum can kead to failure to

A

Detect ab depending kn the presence of active complement anti jka and jkb

57
Q

In iat this can affect attachment of ab or complement

A

Temp and incubation

58
Q

In iat an optimal prep of serum to cells should be achieved by

A

2-3 drops pf serum to 1 drop 5% rcs

59
Q

In fp ditry glasswares may cause

A

Clumping of cells

60
Q

A positive dat from a clotted sample should be

A

Repeated on edta sample

61
Q

In fpa datSamples collected from infusion line may have

A

Complement present on cells

62
Q

Cells with a posituve dat will give a pos reskt in any

A

IAT procedure

63
Q

To show thta test were washed and no neutralization or rgt deterioration gas occur

A

Coombs cells

64
Q

It is used as as posituve indicator in coombs test

A

Ab coated cells

65
Q

Failure of igg sensitized cells to agglutinate inducated

A

Original neg antiglobulin test result is not valid and must repeated

66
Q

Uwed to detect red cell semsitized with igg alloAb, igg autoAb or complement components

A

Antiglobulin test

Blood Banking (16 decks)

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