Abo Flashcards
1
Q
Is a destruction of the fetus and neonate by ab produced by the motter
A
Hdn and newborn
2
Q
It is conditioned in which the life span of the fetal neonatal red cell is shortened due to
A
Maternal allo ab against red cell ag acquired from th father
3
Q
Made from four polypeptide chain
A
Two light chain
Two identical heavy chain
4
Q
Blood grouo ab can be classified as
A
Naturally occuring and immune ab
Cold and warm ab
5
Q
Most immune abs are
A
Warm and can destroy red cell in vivo
6
Q
Most natural abs are
A
Cold and wide thermal range like anti A and B
7
Q
It is incomplete ab
A
Igg
8
Q
Is a complete ab most naturally occuring ab
A
IgM
9
Q
what are Ab of ABO system
A
Anti A, anti B, anti A1 and anti H
10
Q
What are the Ab in ABO system that is naturally occurring and immune
A
Anti A and Anti B
11
Q
Natural occurring in ab of rh system
A
Anti E
12
Q
What is occassionally naturally occurring of Ab rh system
A
Anti D and anti C
13
Q
This is mor immunogenic
A
D Ab
14
Q
Most common in immune Abs is
A
anti E
15
Q
After Anti D what is common cause of HDN
A
Anti c
16
Q
Kell blood group system
A
Anti K
17
Q
Kidd blood group system
A
Anti JKa
18
Q
Are series of protein present in plasma as inactivate precursors
A
Complement
19
Q
Complement activation involves and cause rapid destruction of red cell
A
Complemet
20
Q
Complement activation involves 2 stages
A
Opsonization and lytic stage
21
Q
Destruction depends on the amount of
A
Ab and complement
22
Q
Coated rbc are removed by
A
Mononuclear phagocytic system
23
Q
Less severe form
A
Mild anemia
24
Q
Severe form
A
Icterus gravis neonatorum or kernicterus
25
Intrauterine death
Hydrops fetalis
Extravascular hemolysis of extramedullary erythropoiesis
Hepatic and cardiac failure
26
Oedematous ascites, bulky swollen and friable placenta
| Pathophysiology
Hydrops fetalis
27
Hdn before birth
Anemia
Heart failure
Fetal death
28
Hdn after birth
```
Anemia
Heart failure
Build up of bilirubin
Kernicterus
Severe growth retardation
Unconj bilirubin more than 18mgdl
```
29
Rh hdn ab against
Anti D less common anti c and anti E
30
Sensitization of mother occur
During gestation
| At the time of birth
31
All subsequent offspring inheriting D Ag will be affected in case of
Anti D HDN
32
Factors affecting immunization and severity
Antigenic exposure
Host factors
Ab specificity
Influence pf abo group
33
Diagnosis cooperation bet
Pregnant women
Ob
Her spouse
Clin lab
34
Ab detection repeat testing required at
24 or 28 weeks first test neg
35
To detect clinically significant pf ab detection is
Igg ab which reacts at 37 deg
36
Recommended ob practice
```
Abo and rh testing
History of prev pregnancy
Ab detection
Ab specificity
Parental phenotype
Amniocyte testing
Ab titers
```
37
Ab titers difference of
2 dikution or score more than 10 is significant
38
Amniocentesis and cardiocentesis
Core of bilirubin
Spectrophotometric scan
Fetal blood sample can be tested
39
Increasing or unchange OD as pregnancy advance shows worsening of the fetal hem dse
Spectrophotometric scan indirect kethod
40
Fetal blood sample can be taken and tested for
Hb hct blood type and direct coombs test
41
Diagnosis and mgt
Intrauterine transfusion
Early delivery
Phototherapy
Newborn transfusion
42
Zone II or III
Intrauterine transfusion
43
Cardiocentesis blood sample hb less than 10g/dl
| Ultrasound with evidence of hyrops
Intrauterine transfusion
44
New transfusion
Exchange transfusion
| Effects of transfusion
45
Effects of transfusion
Removal of bilirubin
Removal of sensitized rbc and ab
Suppression of incompatible erythropoiesis
46
Selection of blood
Group O rbc
Rh neg units for rg neg case
Whole blood group O
Blood less than 7yoo
47
Prevention of active immunization
Administration of corresponding rbc ab which is Anti D
| Use of high titer rh ig
48
Calculation of the dose
Kleuhauer test for fetal hb
49
What are predominant igm
Anti A and anti B
50
For practical purpose what group make high titer
Only group O individual make high titer IgG
51
Present ij the sera pf all individual whic rbc lack the corresponding Ag
Abo Ab
52
Two mechanism protect the fetus against
Anti A and anti B
53
Is the most time mild
Anemia
54
May be seen in the 1st preg
Abo hdn
55
Characteristics of abo hdn
Microsoherocytes
56
Bilirubin peak
1-3 days after birth
57
Soluble and found in saliva and plasma
Lewis system
58
Known as plasma Ag
Lewis system
59
Secondarilu absorbed to red cell
A serum Ag
60
It priduces Lea
Le gene
61
Secretor changed the Lea to
Leb
62
May also modify the A Ag
Le
63
Is not true blood Ag
Lewis Ag
64
The expression f the Lewis Ag is influences by the presence of
Hh and Sese gene
65
determines secretor status
Se gene
66
It is a gene that produces the ability to secrete water soluble blood group soecific substances in the tissue
Se gene
67
Produces the ability to secrete H ag
H gene
68
The basic matrix of the ABO system
H Ag
69
The lewis Ag is inheried by twi gene
Le and le
70
Converts a precursor materila to Lea substance
Lewis positive Le gene
71
Cannot convert a precursor katerial to Lea substance
The lewis negative le gene
72
Lewis gene is located at
Chrom 19
73
Changes in lewis phenotype occur in the ff situation
Preg
Cancer
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Viral and parasitic infection
74
Le Se
Le a- Leb+
75
Le se
Lea+ Leb-
76
lele
Lea- Leb-
77
le se
Lea- Leb- Lec+
78
le Se
Lea- Leb- Led+
79
Present in secretors
Le (a-b+)
80
Present in non secretors
Le (a+b-)
81
Usually found in secretors
Le (a-b-)
82
This individual will not produced any individual
lele / Le(a-b-)
83
A person who inherits atleast one Le gene and one Se gene will be
Leb positive
84
With Le gene and Se gene will be Leb positive
Le (a-b+)
85
A person atleast one Lea gene and Sese gene will be
Le (a+b-)
86
Constrils ABH secretors but has no conrol in Le secretor
Se
87
Newborn borns
Le a-b-
88
2 weeks to 6 months
Lea+
89
Then 1
Le a+b+
90
Then 2
Le a-b+
91
Igm in nature, cold reactive, naturally occurring
Lewis Ab
92
May cause HTR
Lea
93
Most commonly found Ab
Anti Lea
94
Best room atemp or below some at ICT and enzymes
Anti Lea
95
Some in vitro hemolysis
Lewis Ab
96
Often found with anti-Lea
Anti Leb
97
Most react at room temp or below
Anti Leb
98
Two types of anti Leb
Anti LebH and anti LebL
99
Rare cause of HTR
Anti Leb
100
Are found in individuals who hae never been transfused or received other antigenic stimuli
Lewis Ab
101
Not known to cause cause of two reasons
Lewis Ab
102
Two reasons why lewis ab not cause hdn
Most infants do not take up the lewis soluble ag from plasma top the rc by birth
Lewis ab are invariably Ig, in forms too large to cross plcenta
103
Reacts with both Lea and Leb as single Ab
Anti Lex
104
It is found in adukts
I Ag
105
Infants are rich in
i Ag
106
Ag can neutralized by
Human milk
107
Varies in strength in adult cell
I Ag
108
Can be found in saliva, human milk, lympho and plasma
I substance or I blood group
109
Usually reacts at room temp, sakine or beliw
Anti I
110
Often attaches conplement
Anti I
111
Doesnt care about hemolysis unless reacts at
37 deg anti I
112
Can be found in almost all sera in low titers, titer increase during some dse amswer 3 dse
Anti I viral infect, syphilis, atypical pneumonia
113
Rare Ab occur in pt with infectious mononucleosi , cirrhosis p, myeloid leukiemia, reticulosis
Anti i
114
Receptor for parvovirus B 19
P ag
115
P ag can be ass with
Pyelonephritis, e coli, strep sinus, shigella dysenterias, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus
116
May attach complement
Anti P1
117
Rarely a problem with transfusion
Anti P1
118
Easily inhibited by P1 substance
Anti P1
119
Found in sera from pk individual an igm hemolytic Ab that is clin significant
Anti P
120
Anti P found as an
IgG biphasic Ab in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
121
IgG biphasic Ab in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Donath lansteiner Ab
122
Has only been found as part of other Ab in p blood group
Anti pk
123
Found in p individual fromerly callled anti TJ
Anti P+P1+Pk
124
Anti TJ ass with
Early abortion
125
Ass with african amrican population
Duffy null Fy a-b- phenotype
126
Appear to privide protection in p vivax
Fya-b-
127
Do not store well in saline suspension
Fya and Fyb Ag
128
Usually AHG reaction IgG
Anti Fya and Fyb
129
Destroyed by enzymes
Anti Fya and Fyb
130
Is an Ab made by duffy null phenotype
Anti Fy3
131
Cause of HTR and HDN
Anti Fya and Anti Fyb
