Component 2 (all) Flashcards
Name 2 health benefits of regular physical activities?
Increased life expectancy, reduced risk of obesity, reduced risk of diabetes and heart disease
Name 2 emotional benefits of regular physical activities?
Improved confidence/ self-esteem, relief of stress, increased serotonin levels (which help improve mood)
Name 2 social benefits of regular physical activities?
Opportunities to meet new friends, improved social skills (co-operation)
What are the positive impacts of physical activity on well being?(2)
Lower risk of psychological illness, helps cope with the physical side of life
What are the negative impacts of physical activity on well being?(2)
Risk of sport related injury, competition pressure can lead to psychological illness
What are the effects of smoking on sporting performance? (2)
Tiredness and shortness of breath and reduced oxygen carrying capacity(makes it difficult to participate in endurance sports)
What are the effects of alcohol on sporting performance? (2)
Loss of concetration and co-ordination, slows reaction time
What healths issues can a sedentary lifestyle lead to? (3)
Obesity, depression, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and increased risk of osteoporosis
Working too hard and a lack of sleep can cause; (2)
Stress/ anxiety, depression
Name the 4 factors that affect optimum weight
Height, sex, muscle girth/size, bone structure
Define being overweight, is it harmful?
A person who weights more than expected for their height and sex. However its not harmful as it is usually caused by a large muecke mass or bone structure
Define being overfat, is it harmful?
Somone who has a high body fat content and might be overweight. It is harmful as it can lead to high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels
Define being obese
Person who is overweight and has extremely high body fat levels
What do carbohydrates do? What percentage of our diet should they be aproximqtely? And what are the 2 types?
Provide energy, 50%, simple and complex
What are complex carbohydrates?
They are full of starch and rease energy slowly but last longer than simple carbs
What are simple carbohydrates?
They are full of sugars and release energy quickly but are burnt off quicker
What do fats do? And what % of our diet should they make up?
Provide energy, 30%
What do proteins do?what % of you diet should they make And what are the 2 types?
Help build and repair muscle, 20% ,animal protein and plant protein
Which macronutrient do summo wrestlers need more of, why?
Fat, for weight
Which macronutrient do sprinters need more of, why?
Protein, for explosive strength and muscle
Which macronutrient do marathon runners need more, why?
Carbohydrates, to allow them to run further and faster
What is carbohydrate loading?
A strategy endurance athletes use to maximise the storage of glycogen in muscles and liver ( for the next weeks’s event)
What is the best time for power athletes to have protein?
Immediately after exercise
Why is water important?
Its is involved in every bodily function (e.g transport of nutrient) and makes up over half of our body weight. A lack of water leads to dehydration.
What do B vitamins do?
Help with the release of energy and the repair of tissue
What does vitamin C do? (2)
Helps protect the body from infection and arbsorb minerals from food
What does the mineral calcium do? What disease does it prevent?
Important doe the growth of strong bones and teeth, reduces chances of osteoporosis
What does iron do? What health problem does it prevent?
Needed for the formation of red blood cells, lack of iron leads to anaemia
How long before exercise should you eat?
Roughly 2 hours
Whats the difference between a open skill and a closed skill?
Open- affected by enviroment, involves decision making, externally paced
Closed- not affected by eneriment, habital, self paced
Whats difference between a basic skill and a complex skill?
Basic- player finds easy, little concentrantion
Complex- complete attention, finds it difficult
Whats the diffference between a high and low organisation skill?
Low- simple phases, can break them down and pracfice them seperately
High- complicated phases, cant be seperated as actions are closely linked
Define Massed practice, and what type of skills its good for?
Skill is repeated continuously with little/ no rest until the skill is developed, good for basic skills
Define variable practice, and what type of skills its good for?
The enviroment changes and decisions have to be made quickly, good for open skills
Define fixed practice, and what type of skills its good for?
The skill is repeated in a stable enviroment and so it becomes habital, good for closed skills
Define distributed practice, and what type of skills its good for?
The skill is practiced in a number of short sessions, good for new or complex skills
What does SMART stand for?
specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time bound
Explains what achieve and realistic goals are?
Achievable- you have the ability to reach it, not overly ambitious
Realistic- are personalky attainable, so work and hobbies should not affect your goal
Define and explain intrinsic feedback
Comes from the performer themselves, experienced payers are more accurate
Define and explain extrinsic feedback
Comes from an outside source (coach), very helpful for beginners as they may not be able to assess themselves on their own performance
Define concurrent feedback
Feeback provided during the performance
Define terminal feedback
Feedback peovided after the perfomance
Whats the difference between Quantitive and Qualitative data?
Quantitive data are facts, whereas qualitative data are opinions based on facts sometimes
Define visual guidance, and give 1 advantages and 2 disadvantages
Practical demonstations and other visual prompts
Ad- can help visualise the skill
Dis- complex skills difficult to comprehend, may not provide enough information
Define verbal guidance, and give 1 advantages and 2 disadvantages
Spoken explanation of the skills
Ad- can be provided during performance (ideal for open skills)
Dis- difficult to explain complex and high organisation skills, learner can get comfused with too much information
Define manual guidance, and give 1 advantages and 2 disadvantages
Coach physically moves the body of learner
Ad- builds confidence
Dis- learner can become dependent, difficult with large groups
Define mechanical guidance, and give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages
Equipment used to help learner
Ad- helps bild confidence, makes it safe
Dis- learner can become dependent, movement without equipment will be more difficult/ different
Describe 3 types of mental preparation
- mental rehearsal, visualises performance
- eliminate distraction, helps focus
- staying calm, controlling breathing to relax so reduces anxiety
What does fibre do?
helps with the digestive system and prevents diabetes
How does gender affect participartion rates in sport?
- Some sports are seen to be more masculine than others (e.g boxing) and others seen as more feminine (e.g netball) this will affect a persons decision to participate in a certain sport
- male sports dominates the media
How does Age affect participartion rates in sport?
Different ages are cable of taking in part in different sports. Weight lighting can be damaging to children (so they dont take part in it) and rugby is too physical so can be too demanding for elderly people (sp they dont take part in it)
How does disability affect participartion rates in sport?
limits the sports the can play, however many sports have been adapted for disabled people e.g wheelchair basketball. The Paralympics has helped raised profile of these sports
How does Ethnicity and religion affect participartion rates in sport?
- some religions have strict guidelines that may restrict participation in sport e.g some christians will not participate in sports on sundays
- Also racism is still a huge issue in sports e.g footbal (can affect peoples decisions)
How does socio-econimic group affect participartion rates in sport?
- low socio-economic groups less likely to participate, or will take part in cheap sports that are easily accessible
- sports like gold + skiing require expensive equipment which limits the people that can participate
- Golf has a certain status tha makes people want to play them
How does influence by others affect participation rates in sport?
- famous role models can inspire participation
- family offers financial support
- influenced by friends
What are the 3 elements of the golden triangle?
Sport, media, business
Explain hiw that different elements of the golden triangle interact with each other?
As a sport gets more popular the media coverage increases, and this will provide more sponsorships which eill lead to the having more money to invest in facilities players, coaches…
What are the negative effects of the commercialisation of sport on sport itself?
- Beauty parade effect; most attractive athletes may get the most support
- lesser teams and players will strugke to compete
What are the negative effects of the commercialisation of sport on sponsors?
- sponsors product may be inapproriate for the sport and audience
- if the team they support has a poor performance it will lead to bad press (sales go down)
What are the negative effects of the commercialisation of sport on media?
- The broadcasting rights for large sporting events are expensive
- small media companies can’t compete with large companies
What are the negative effects of the commercialisation of sport on the spectators?
- sporting events can become more expensive for them
- more adverts can disrupt game time (which they are watching)
- encourages spectating as opposed to participation
What are the negative effects of the commercialisation of sport on the athletes?
- contractual obligations e.g attending events
- performers sometimes banned from using competitors products (e,g if got nike sponsorship you cant have Adidas)
Define sportsmanship
Fairness and respect for opponent; graciousness in winning or losing
define gamesmanship
the practice of winning a game or contest by doing things that seem unfair but that are not actually against the rules (doing whatever it takes to win)
Define positive defiance and give an example
Someone acting outside the norms of the sport without having intentions of breaking the rules e.g and accidental high tackle in rugby
Define negative defiance and give an example
Intentially breaking the rules trying not to get caught e.g diving in the penalty area to try to get a penalty (football)
Give 2 reasons for devience in sport
- high pressure to win
- “win at all costs” mentality
- rewards of winning are too high
