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Human Structure & Function > Compendium 3 (digestive system) > Flashcards

Compendium 3 (digestive system) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 organs that comprise the digestive tract from superior to inferior?

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Anus
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2
Q

What are the 6 functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mastication
  3. Secretive
  4. Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Elimination
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3
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of the microscopic tissues of organs.

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4
Q

Anatomically, what is the digestive tract?

A

One large tube from mouth to anus.

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5
Q

What are the 4 levels of tissues of the digestive tract from innermost to outermost layer?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa / Adventitia
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6
Q

What is the function of the mucosa layer of the digestive tract?

A

Secrets mucus.

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7
Q

What is the submucosa layer of the digestive tract?

A

It is the layer of connective tissue above the mucosa layer.

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8
Q

What is the function of the muscularis layer of the digestive tract.

A

It is the smooth muscle layer of the digestive tract that helps with movement and secretion.

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9
Q

What is the main function of the serosa of the digestive tract?

A

It is the outermost layer of connective tissue that provides support and stability.

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10
Q

What is peristalsis & segmentation?

A

Process by which food moves through the gut.

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11
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

The oral cavity.

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12
Q

What does masticate mean?

A

To chew food.

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13
Q

What is the term used for food that has been masticated?

A

Bolus.

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14
Q

What are the 4 primary parts of the oral cavity?

A
  1. Hard palate
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Teeth
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A
  1. Incisors
  2. Canines
  3. Premolars
  4. Molars
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16
Q

What are the 2 sets of teeth called?

A

Primary set (childhood)

Secondary set (adulthood)

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17
Q

How many teeth are there in the secondary set?

A

32.

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18
Q

How many teeth are there in the primary set?

A

20.

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19
Q

What do salivary glands do?

A

Produce & secrete saliva into the oral cavity.

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20
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Protects oral cavity, moistens, lubricates, and digests food.

21
Q

What is the enzyme found in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugars?

Sounds like a girls name.
A lazy girl.

A

Amylase.

22
Q

What is the antibacterial enzyme in the oral cavity?

A

Lysozyme.

23
Q

What is another term for the soft palate?

A

Uvula.

24
Q

What is the proper term for the throat, and what does it connect the oral cavity to?

A

The throat is the Pharynx.

It connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus.

25
Q

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

A
  1. Voluntary phase
  2. Pharyngeal phase
  3. Oesophageal phase
26
Q

Where does food enter into the stomach?

A

Food enters through the oesophagus.

27
Q

What does the stomach do with food?

A

The stomach churns (mixes) it into chyme (thick liquid).

28
Q

What acid is contained in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

29
Q

What is the name of the protein digesting enzymes in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

30
Q

What protects the stomach from the acid within it?

A

A thick mucus layer that lubricates and protects epithelial cells on stomach wall from acid pH 2-3.

31
Q

What is the name of the opening and the sphinter for the stomach?

A

Opening = Gastroesophageal (cardiac) opening

Sphincter = Pyloric sphincter

32
Q

Where does the sphincter of the stomach lead?

A

To the Duodenum (tube from below stomach)

33
Q

What are the 5 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pyloric: antrum and canal
34
Q

What are the 4 layers of the stomach?

A
  1. Visceral peritoneum
  2. Muscularis
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
35
Q

What is the Rugae of the stomach?

A

Folds in stomach wall that allow stomach to stretch after eating.

36
Q

What are the 3 muscular layers of the stomach ?

A
  1. Outer longitudinal
  2. Middle circular
  3. Inner oblique
37
Q

What are the 2 movements of the stomach?

A
  1. Combination of mixing waves (80%)
  2. Peristaltic waves (20%)
    (squeezing and pushing the food down)
38
Q

How long does water take to exit the stomach?

A

1 - 2 hours

39
Q

How long does the stomach take to empty?

A

Every 4 hours

6-8 after a fatty meal

40
Q

How long is the small intestine that comes after the stomach?

A

about 6 metres in length

41
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum - first 25cm
  2. Jejunum - 2.5 metres
  3. Ileum 3.5 metres
42
Q

Where is the small intestine located?

A

It is connected to the posterior body wall by mesenteries.

43
Q

Why does the small intestine have such a large surface area?

A

For efficient absorption of nutrients.

44
Q

What are the main functions of the liver?

A

Filters blood nutrient rich coming from the intestines, stores glucose and lipids for energy, and detoxifies drugs and toxins.

45
Q

How much bile does the liver produce in a day? What does it do?

A

100ml/day

Bile emulsifies fats/lipids

46
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

47
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

It produces digestive enzymes. Produces insulin and glucagon for blood sugar homeostasis.

48
Q

What are the 2 important processes of digestion?

A

Digestion and Absorption

Human Structure & Function (14 decks)

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