Compendium 2 (Cell structure)

Question 1

What are 3 functions of connective tissue?

Answer 1

Functions:
1. Connects and binds together other tissues
2. Supports and strengthens
3. Insulates and protects

Question 2

Where is connective tissue found?

Answer 2

In all organs of the body but the amount of it varies.

Question 3

Describe the 3 levels of composition of connective tissue.

Answer 3

Levels:
1. Cells
2. Ground substance
3. Fibres

Question 4

What are the 5 cells that are found in connective tissue?

Answer 4

1. Adipose cells
2. Fibroblasts
3. Mast cells
4. White blood cells
5. Macrophages

Question 5

What do adipose cells do? What tissue is it found in?

Answer 5

They’re an energy source and provide cushioning.

Found in connective tissue.

Question 6

What do fibroblast cells do? What tissue is it found in?

Answer 6

Secrete fibres and ground substance.

Found in connective tissue.

Question 7

What do mast cells do? What tissue is it found in?

Answer 7

Control immune responses and contribute to the immune system.

Found in connective tissue.

Question 8

What do white blood cells do? What tissue is it found in?

Answer 8

They play an important role in repairing injury and fighting infections.

Found in connective tissue.

Question 9

What do macrophages do? What tissue is it found in?

Answer 9

Type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.

Found in connective tissue.

Question 10

What is the ground substance of connective tissue?

Answer 10

It fills in the spaces between the cells in the connective tissue and the space where the fibres are suspended.

Has the properties of a transparent and viscous gel.

Question 11

What are the 3 fibres found in connective tissue and what is their function?

Answer 11

1. Collagen fibres - rigidity and strength
2. Elastic fibres - stretch and distension
3. Reticular fibres - supporting network

Question 12

What are the 4 classes of connective tissue?

Answer 12

1. Connective tissue (CT) proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

Question 13

What are the classifications of connective tissue (CT) proper?

Answer 13

1. Loose types –> Areolar, adipose and reticular
2. Dense types –> Regular, irregular and elastic

Question 14

Describe the functions of Areolar Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 14

It’s loose packing helps support and bind other tissues.

Connective tissue that epithelia of skin rests on.

Question 15

Describe the functions of Adipose Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 15

Stores nutrients, provides shock absorption, protection, and insulation.

Found in the fat beneath the skin surrounding, the kidneys, breasts, abdomen, and hips.

Question 16

Describe the function of Reticular Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 16

Forms a framework to support free blood cells (white blood cells, mast and macrophage cells)

Found in the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

Question 17

Describe the function of Regular Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 17

Highly organised and aligned to form solid and strong attachments.

Found in tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone).

Question 18

Describe the function of Irregular Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 18

Strength and can stretch in multiple directions.

Found in the skin’s dermis, cartilages, and organ capsules.

Question 19

Describe the function of Elastic Connective Tissue. Where would it be found?

Answer 19

High recoil and strength.

Found in the walls of arteries, and the ligaments between spinal vertebrae.

Question 20

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 20

Protection, flexibility, rigidity, and withstanding pressure.

Question 21

What are the 3 types of cartilage? Provide an example for each.

Answer 21

1. Hyaline cartilage - rib cage and nose
2. Fibrocartilage - intervertebral disks
3. Elastic cartilage - ear and epiglottis

Question 22

What is the function of bone?

Answer 22

Support and protect bodily structures.

Question 23

What are the 2 types of bones? Provide an example for each.

Answer 23

1. Spongy bone - found at the ends of long bones, found in the sternum, vertebrate, and pelvis
2. Compact bone - found in the shaft of long bones. Makes up outside of all bones.

Question 24

What is the function of blood?

Answer 24

Transports nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases around the body.

Question 25

What are 3 common types of blood?

Answer 25

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets (blood clotting)