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Human Structure & Function > Compendium 10 (Endocrine System) > Flashcards

Compendium 10 (Endocrine System) Flashcards

1
Q

What is endocrine?

A

Endocrine is produced by cells of endocrine glands, enter circulatory system, and
affect distant cells.

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2
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Glands that secrete chemical messengers (hormones) into circulatory system
(blood)

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3
Q

What are the three types of hormone secretion?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Episodic
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4
Q

What is acute hormone secretion?

A

A sudden release of hormones due to stimulus (e.g., adrenaline in response to stress)

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5
Q

What is chronic hormone secretion?

A

Small variations in secretion over long periods (e.g., thyroid hormones)

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6
Q

What is an example of episodic hormone secretion?

A

Estrogen & progesterone during menstrual cycle

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7
Q

Why do target cells respond to hormones?

A

Because they have the correct type of receptor for the hormone

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8
Q

What are three characteristics of hormones?

A
  1. Produced in small quantities
  2. Transported some distance in circulatory system
  3. Acts on target tissues elsewhere in body
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9
Q

What are three functions of the endocrine system?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Tissue maturation
  3. Immune system regulation
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10
Q

What are the three endocrine glands in the head?

A
  1. Pineal gland
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pituitary gland
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11
Q

What are the three endocrine glands inferior to the head and superior to the abdomen?

A
  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Parathyroid glands
  3. Thymus gland
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12
Q

What are the two endocrine glands inside the abdominal cavity superior to the intestines?

A
  1. Adrenal glands
  2. Pancreas
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13
Q

What are the male, and female endocrine glands proximal to the groin?

A

Ovaries (female)

Testis (men)

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14
Q

What are three ways the endocrine system is similar to the nervous system?

A
  1. Both systems associated with the brain (endocrine – hypothalamus)
  2. May use same chemical messenger as neurotransmitter and hormone.
  3. Two systems are cooperative
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15
Q

What is one chemical messenger used as a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

A

Epinephrine

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16
Q

What are three differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A
  1. Mode of transport
    Nervous - Axons
    Endocrine - Blood
  2. Speed of response
    Nervous – instant/milliseconds
    Endocrine – delayed/seconds
  3. Duration of response
    Nervous – milliseconds/seconds
    Endocrine – minutes/days
17
Q

What is the mode of transport for hormones in the endocrine system?

A

Blood

18
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

On the underside of the brain, inferior to the hypothalamus

19
Q

What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

20
Q

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland called?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary
  2. Posterior pituitary
21
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Creates and secretes hormones for the body

22
Q

Where do the nervous and endocrine systems connect?

A

In the pituitary gland

23
Q

Which part of the pituitary gland makes and secretes hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary

24
Q

How many hormones are created by the pituitary gland?

A

Nine

25
Q

What are the two functions of the hormones created by the pituitary gland?

A
  1. Regulate body functions
  2. Regulate the secretions of other endocrine glands
26
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus regulates secretions of anterior pituitary

27
Q

Which two hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary?

A

ATH
Oxytocin

28
Q

Where are the hormones created in the hypothalamus?

A

Neurons

29
Q

What connects the neurons of the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary via the infundibulum?

A

Hypothalamohypophysial tract

30
Q

What is a tract?

A

A group of neurons travelling in one direction

31
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Blood vessels

32
Q

What connects the blood vessels of the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the infundibulum?

A

Hypothalamohypophysial portal system?

33
Q

What effect do hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones have on the release of hormones in the anterior pituitary?

A

Releasing hormones - stimulate hormone release from anterior pituitary

Inhibiting hormones - inhibit hormone release from anterior pituitary

Human Structure & Function (14 decks)

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