Colorectal Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common colorectal carcinoma

A

adenocarcinomas from epithelial cells

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2
Q

where are colorectal carcinomas found

A

mostly in colon (duh)

some in rectum

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3
Q

what is the biggest risk factor for CC

A

increasing age

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4
Q

how common is CC

A

third most common cancer in western world

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5
Q

epi

A

males>females

middle aged and older

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6
Q

aetiology

A
1 genetic factors
-majority of CC are sporadic
-2nd biggest risk factor is FHx (FAP, lynch syndrome)
2 environmental factors
-obesity
-low fibre diet
-high red + processed meat diet
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7
Q

how do most CCs arise

A

from dysplastic adenomatous polyps in most cases

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8
Q

what is the dukes classification

A

A - limited to bowel wall
B - through bowel wall
C - lymph node metastasis

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9
Q

how is CC screened

A

faecal occult blood test (as cancer and polyps may bleed)

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10
Q

what is the next step in investigation is there is a positive faecal occult blood test

A

colonoscopy

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11
Q

risk factors

A

increasing age
FHx (FAP, lynch syndrome)
IBD
obesity

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12
Q

features of CC

A

ColorectaL CanceR

Change in bowel habit (commonly increased frequency + diarrhoea)
Loss of blood (PR bleeding)
Change in weight or appetite
Rectal mass (PR mass if rectal CC)or abdominal mass if advanced CC)

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13
Q

what are presenting symptoms of CC

A

abdominal pain
change in bowel habit
PR bleeding
anaemia (IDA)

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14
Q

what is the first line investigation for CC

A

colonoscopy

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15
Q

what might be used to investigate patients who are low risk and young

A

flexible sigmoidoscopy

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16
Q

what is the tumour marker in CC

A

CEA

17
Q

is anaemia in CC cancer associated with right or left sided CCs

A

right sided more

18
Q

what is seen on double contrast barium enema with CC

A

mass lesion with ‘apple core’ lesion

19
Q

what is the use of CT scanning of thorax, abdomen, pelvis in CC

A

to stage cancer