Bladder Cancer Flashcards
what is the most common bladder cancer
urothelial caricinoma
what are the most common form of tumour
non-muscle-invasive tumours
what are low-grade bladder tumours
papillary
what are high grade bladder tumours
flat or in situ
epi
more common in men
elderly
what are risk factors for bladder cancer
smoking elderly chemical carcinogen exposure (painters, hairdressers) arsenic in drinking water radiotherapy or chemotherapy T2DM
what can increase risk of squamous cell carcinoma
chronic catheters
what chemical carcinogens can increase risk of bladder cancer
aromatic amines in rubber and dyes
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal and roofing industries
patho
carcinogens are concentrated in the bladder
what infection can result in squamous cell carcinoma
schistosoma infection
features
RFs
painless haematuria (gross or microscopic)
dysuria
weight loss
what is dysria associated with
aggressive bladder cancer
what is the gold standard investigation for bladder cancer
urinalysis for haematuria and less commonly pyuria (pus)
how would pyuria in bladder cancer present
confusion with UTI
what is used to visualise bladder tumoursc
cystoscopy
