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Conditions: GI > Colorectal Adenocarcinoma > Flashcards

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

How common is colorectal adenocarcinoma?

A

2nd most common cause of cancer death in the UK

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2
Q

What is the aetiology of colorectal adenocarcinoma?

A

Genetics

  • HNPCC
  • FAP

Disease

  • Crohn’s
  • UC

Lifestyle

  • Smoking
  • Poor diet
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of bowel cancer dependent on?

A

What side it is on

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of bowel cancer in general?

A

Abdo mass

Pain

Obstruction

Perforation

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of bowel cancer on the left?

A

PR bleeding and mucus

Altered bowel habit

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of bowel cancer on the right?

A

Weight loss

Aneamia

Abdo pain

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7
Q

What is the staging algorithm of bowel cancer?

A

Duke’s Classification

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8
Q

What is Dukes stage 1 and survival rate?

A

Cancer hasn’t invaded past the muscularis mucosae

- 90% survival

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9
Q

What is Dukes stage 2 and survival rate?

A

Cancer has invaded past the muscularis mucosae

- 65%

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10
Q

What is Dukes stage 3 and survival rate?

A

Cancer has invaded regional lymph nodes

- 30%

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11
Q

What is Dukes stage 4 and survival rate?

A

Cancer has distant mets

- <10%

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12
Q

What screening program is there for bowel cancer?

A

Faecal occult blood test kits sent to homes and tested

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13
Q

What investigations can be done if occult blood is detected?

A

Proctoscopy
Endoscopy

CT/MRI

Liver ultrasound for mets

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14
Q

What is shown on bloods in some cases?

A

Microcytic anaemia

- Small red blood cells

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15
Q

What antigen can be used to help with staging and treatment efficacy?

A

CEA

- Cryoembryonic antigen

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16
Q

What does the surgical treatment of bowel cancer depend on?

A

The side it’s on

17
Q

What can be done for right sided?

A

Right hemicolectomy

18
Q

What can be done for left and rectal?

A

Left hemicolectomy

Abdominoperinal resection for rectal

19
Q

What role can radiotherapy play?

A

Can be used neoadjuvantly

- May increase survival rate but also increase chance of complication

20
Q

What role can chemotherapy play?

A

Increase survival

Palliation

21
Q

What Dukes’ stages is chemotherapy used in?

A

B (sometimes)

C (good evidence)

22
Q

What role do NSAIDs and aspirin play in colorectal cancer?

A

Evidence that they might be preventative

23
Q

What other surgeries may need to be done in the management of colectomys?

A

Colostomies put in

24
Q

What are the 3 types of polyp?

A

Inflammatory

Hamartomatous

Neoplastic

25
Q

What causes inflammatory polyps?

A

IBD

26
Q

What causes hamartomatous polyps?

A

Peutz jeghers syndrome

27
Q

What causes neoplastic polyps?

A

Adenomas

28
Q

What is peutz jeghers disease?

A

Autosomal dominant disorder causing hamartomatous growths in the bowel

Increases risk of bowel cancer by 20x

Conditions: GI (36 decks)

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