Achalasia Flashcards
1
Q
What is the aetiology of achalasia?
A
- Myenteric plexus often surrounded by lymphocytes
- Inflammatory aetiology
2
Q
What is the pathology?
A
Degeneration of inhibitory neurones in the myenteric plexus leading to failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter (inability to relax) and progressive dysphagia
3
Q
What are the symptoms of achalasia?
A
Cardinal feature = progressive dysphagia
- Weight loss
- Chest pain
- Regurgitation
4
Q
Tests for achalasia?
A
- Oesophageal manometry
- Barium swallow
- Endoscopy
5
Q
Surgical treatment?
A
- Myotomy
- Pneumatic balloon dilatation
6
Q
Pharma management?
A
- Botulinum toxin
- Nitrates
- CCBs
7
Q
Complications of achalasia?
A
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Increased risk of oesophageal cancer
