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Geography > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

Define coast

A

Where the land meets the sea

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2
Q

What factors effect the rate of erosion?

A 
Tide
Current
Weather
Soft rock and hard rock
Sea defences
People
Beach
Rock structure
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3
Q

Benefits that coasts bring us…

A

Fishing
Docks - Trade
Money
Jobs

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4
Q

Problems that coasts cause…

A

Erosion of land, pollution, danger
Overcrowding
Litter
Flooding

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5
Q

How does weathering create land forms on the coast? [5]

A

Waves attack the base of the cliff

Abrasion corrosion attrition and hydraulic action all contribute towards this erosion

Eventually the cliff becomes unstable and collapses

Further cliff retreat will form a wave-cut platform

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6
Q

What is a wave cut notch?

A

A small crack in the bottom of the coastlines rock wall

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7
Q

What is a wave cut platform?

A

An area of land in front of the cliff edge that has been eroded and left a beach platform

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8
Q

How is a stump created?

A

Weathering causes a small FAULT in the headland to be formed

The waves attach this weakness and will eventually form a cave. The cave then develops into an arch due to erosion from the waves

Then the resistant rock that supports the arch will eventually collapse and a stack will be left

Finally the stack will get undercut causing it to be unstable and collapse leaving a small stump behind

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9
Q

How is a bay formed?

A

Hard rock surrounds soft rock

The soft rock becomes eroded and gets eroded inwards

Thus creating a bay

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10
Q

How does a wave form?

A

In the beginning wind builds up the force of a wave

The wave then travels along the surface of the water

When it gets closer towards the beach friction is built up between the base of the wave and the sea bed causing ripples to develop into waves

The wave that is formed will topple over once it has reached land

The water going up the beach is known as swash

The water going back out to sea is known as backwash

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11
Q

Define fetch

A

The stretch of open water over which the wind blows

The longer the fetch the more powerful the wave can become

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12
Q

Define swash

A

The water that rushes up the beach

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13
Q

Define backwash

A

The water that travels up then down the beach

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14
Q

What is a constructive wave?

A

A wave that builds up a beach by having a strong swash (transporting material along/up the beach) and a weak backwash

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15
Q

What is destructive wave?

A

A wave that effectively ‘destroys’ a beach by having a tall height in proportion to its length meaning that it has a weak swash but strong backwash

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16
Q

Explain Long Shore Drift…

A

Long shore drift occurs when the wind approaches the beach at a 45* angle

The wind pushes the water up and down the beach

The water travels up the beach (swash) and deposits material in the process

Backwash occurs when the water travels back down the beach which pulls material down and away from the beach

17
Q

What are three factors that are needed/contribute towards the development of spits and bars?

A

Strong long shore drift
Large amounts of sediment
A change in the direction of the coastline

18
Q

How does a spit develop?

A

Long shore drift transports material beyond the change in the coastline

The spit is formed when the material is deposited in front of the change in the coastline

Over time the spit will grow in length and may develop into a hook depending on the wind direction in the area

Waves cannot get behind the spit and thus creating a sheltered area in which silt is deposited which forms a salt marsh

19
Q

How does a bar develop?

A

When a bay has been formed and a strong long shore drift is present a bar can form connecting the two sets of hard rock surrounding the bay

The formation of a bar is the same as the formation of a spit, only it connects two land sectors together

20
Q

How does a Tombolo form?

A

A tombolo is simply when a spit develops into a bar and connect to land masses together creating a ‘bridge’ between them

21
Q

What are some economic effects of coastal erosion?

A

Land is eroded which decreases land value

Jobs can be lost if businesses fall off the cliff

People’s house values drop due to the possible/inevitable erosion

Expensive/impossible to get insurance

Properties that are destroyed cost money to clear

22
Q

What are some social effect of coastal erosion?

A

People’s house values drop

People are forced to move

Expensive/impossible to get insurance due to possible/inevitable erosion

Loss of homes

23
Q

What are some environmental effects of costal erosion?

A

Loss of land

Eroded land becomes an eye sore

Geography (38 decks)

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