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Pharmacology > CNS Depressants > Flashcards

CNS Depressants Flashcards

1
Q

Children’s reaxtion to anxiolytic agents is

A

unpredictable
can have paradoxical effect

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

-pam -lam
alprazolam
clonazepam
diazepam
lorazepam
midazolam
temazepam

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3
Q

Actions of Benzos

A

act in limbic sys and the RAS
make GABA more effective

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4
Q

What do higher doses and lower doses do

A

higher dose = sedation
lower dose = anxiety

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5
Q

indications of benzos

A

anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, panic, restless leg, sz, insomnia

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6
Q

contraindications for benzos

A

psychosis
acute narrow angle glaucoma
shock
coma
acute ETOH
preg

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7
Q

BBW for Benzos

A

use with opioids = resp depression, coma, and death

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8
Q

Adverse effects of Benzos

A

dry mouth, const, N,V
hypoTN
urinary retention
sedation, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, blurred vision, confusion

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9
Q

DDI for benzos

A

alcohol = CNS depression
cimetidine, oral contraceptives, disulfiram = more effective
decrease in effect if given with theophylline

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10
Q

Flumazenil

A

antidote for benzo OD

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11
Q

Implementation for Benzos

A

admin IV slowly
IV only if oral is not available
no opioids or reduced
monitor for at least 3 hours. Do not permit ambulatory pt operate vehicle
taper dose gradually after long-term therapy to prevent sz

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12
Q

Barbiturates

A

-barbital
pentobarbital
phenobarbital
secobarbital

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13
Q

Assessment for barbituates

A

check RR
check BP, VS
bowel sounds, urinary, lesions, check whole body for baseline

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14
Q

Actions of barbiturates

A

CNS depressants
Inhibit neuronal impulse conduction in RAS
Depress cerebral cortex
depress motor output
sedation hypnosis, anesthesia, coma

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15
Q

Indication for Barbiturates

A

relief of s/s of anxiety
sedation
insomnia
preanesthesia
sz

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16
Q

Allergy to barbiturates
previous hx of addiction
latent or manifest porphyria
hepatic impairment
resp distress/dysfunct
pregnancy

A

Contraindications for barbiturates

17
Q

ADE for barbiturates

A

CNS depression
Addictive
Hypovent
drowsy/somnolence/lethargy
ataxia, vertigo
N/V/Const

18
Q

DDI for barbiturates

A

phenytoin = decrease sz threshold

alcohol, antihistamines = dpress CNS more

MAOI cause increase serum levels and effect

Anticoags, digoxin, tricyclic antidepressants, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives = decreased effectiveness

19
Q

Implementation for Barbiturates

A

do not administer these drugs intra-arterially (arterial spasm)

noncompatable with any other IV drug

Give IV meds slowly

Provide standby life support

taper dose gradually

fall precautions/no driving/ no big decisions/ safety/ storage

20
Q

Antihistamines

A

promethazine, diphenhydramine
preop medications and postoperative to decrease need for opioids

21
Q

Buspirone

A

reduces s/s of anxiety w/out severe CNS and adverse effects

22
Q

Eszopiclone

A

insomnia

23
Q

ramelteon

A

melatonin receptor agonist; treat insomnia characterized by difficulty w/ going to sleep

24
Q

suvorexant

A

insomnia

25
Q

zaleplon and zolpidem

A

short-term treatment of insomnia

26
Q

T or F busprione has no sedative

A

T it is a anticonvulsant, muscle relax prop, does reduce anxiety

27
Q

T or F women >35 yrs have increased risk of hepatoxicity with dantrolene

A

T it is linked to estrogen and increases liver dysfunct with increased estrogen

28
Q

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants

A

baclofen
carisoprodol
cyclobenzaprine
metaxalone
methocarbamol
Tizanidine

29
Q

Baclofen is used for what

A

spinal cord injury w/ rehab

30
Q

Actions of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants

A

work in upper levels of CNS to interfere w/ reflexes causing muscle spasm

lyse/destroy spasm

exact mechanism unkown, thought to involve action in upper or spinal interneurons

31
Q

Indications of centrally acting sk. muscle relaxants

A

adjunct to rest, PT and OT
relief of discomfort associated w/ acute painful musculoskeletal conditions

32
Q

Contraindications for central muscle relaxants

A

allergy, rheumatic disorders (have no effect with muscle relaxants)

33
Q

Cautions for central muscle relaxants

A

epilepsy
cardiac dysfunct
conditions with muscle weakness
hepatic/renal impairment
preg

34
Q

Adverse Effects of central acting muscle relaxants

A

drowsy, fatigue, weakness, confusion, HA, N, dry mouth
hypoTN
urinary frequency

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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