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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal

A

prevents reproduction of bact

kills bacteria

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2
Q

Gram-positive vs Gram-negative

A

Gram-positive means the cell wall retains a stain
Gram-negative loses a stain

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3
Q

Aerobic vs Anaerobic

A

anaerobic = does not use O2
aerobic = needs O2

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4
Q

MIC

A

minimum amount of concentration to make an impact

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5
Q

T or F you can stop antibiotics half way through

A

F, do not stop, save for later, or share need to finish the whole course of YOURE antibiotics

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6
Q

Tetracyclines cause what adverse effect

A

Teeth breakdown

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects means

A

hearing loss/ringing in the ears

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

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9
Q

Actions of Aminoglycosides

A

Bactericidal

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10
Q

Indications of Aminoglycosides

A

serious bact infection

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11
Q

Contraindications of aminoglycosides

A

anaphylactic allergy
renal/hepatic disease/hearling loss/ myastenia gravis/parkinsons/preg or lact

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12
Q

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity (irreversible)
nephrotoxicity (reversible)
bone marrow depression

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13
Q

DDI

A

penicillins, cephalosporins = ^ effects of both
Loop diuretics = ^ ototoxicity
Parenteral penicillin = renders the aminoglycoside ineffective

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14
Q

Assess of Aminoglycosides

A

Allergy, renal/hepatic disease? Preexisting hearing loss? Myasthenia Gravis? Parkinson’s?
LOC?
Auditory test?
Vital Signs
Culture and sensitivity, renal function, hepatic function, CBC

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15
Q

T or F you MUST complete two sets of cultures before the admin of antibiotics

A

T

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides Nrs Dx

A

Impaired Comfort
Hearing impairment
Inf Risk
Fluid overload
Knowledge deficit

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17
Q

Implementation of aminoglycosides

A

Check cultures
Ensure pt recieves full course
monitor infection site
safety measures for ototoxic
adequate fluids stay well hydrated through therapy
pt teaching

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18
Q

Eval Amnoglycosides

A

Pt response to drug
Effective teaching
Effective comfort
Compliance

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19
Q

Carbapenems

A

“-penem”
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem-cilastin-relebactam
Meropenem
Meopenem

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20
Q

Indications for Cabapenems

A

Bacterial infections

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21
Q

Actions of Carbapenems

A

bactericidal

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22
Q

Carbapenems contraindications

A

allergy, allergy to beta-lactams, kidney disease

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23
Q

T or F Carbapenems should not be used with other drugs because of the risk of seizures

A

T

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24
Q

Adverse Effects

A

toxic GI effects causing dehydration: pseudomembranous colitis, cdiff, N/V
Superinfections
CNS effects

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25
Superinfections
antibiotics break down normal flora = affect other systems
26
Assessment for Cabapenems
Hx:contras/cautions, allergy to bactum-lactums, preg? Orientation/LOC because of sz C diff, psuedocolitis VS Culture, renal function, CBC for WBC
27
Nursing Dx for Carbapenems
Impaired comfort superinfection risk knowledge deficit
28
Implementation Carbapenems
culture full course of antibiotics monitor infection site/s/s of inf Safety measures for CNS effects Provide small frequent meals Hydration Pt teaching
29
Cephalosporins
1st gen = cephalexin 2nd gen = cefaclor, cefoxitin, ceuroxime 3rd = cefdinir, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftraixone 4th = ceftolozane 5th = ceftaroline
30
Actions of Cephalosporins
bactericidal bacteriostatic (which bacteria and action is dependent on generation)
31
Containdications of Cephalosporins
allergies to penicillin (cross sensitivity) renal impairment
32
Penicillians
"-icillin" Penicillin G benzathine Penicillin G Potassium Penicillin G procaine Penicillin V Amoxicillin Ampicillin
33
Actions of Penicillins
bactericidal broad spectrum
34
what are 2nd generation penicillins
penicillinase resistant penicllans (stop penicillin resistant bacteria)
35
Contraindications of Penicillins
allergy and allergy to cephalosporins renal disease
36
Adverse effets
N/V/D stomatitis irritation/infection at injection site superinfections
37
DDI of Penicillins
parenteral aminoglycoisdes which inacitvates aminoglycosides
38
Assessment for penicillins
Hx: allergy/renal disease skin assess/abdominal assess, cultures, renal funct, CBC for WBC
39
Nursing dx for penicillins
impaired comfort malnutrition (GI) dehydration knowledge deficit
40
Implementation for Penicillins
cultures, renal function, full course of antibiotix, PO must be on empty stomach, monitor site of infection, small frequent meals, oral hygiene, losenges, adequate fluids, monitor for superinf, monitor inj site, pt teaching
41
Sulfonamides
"sulfa-" sulfadiazine sulfasalazine trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole
42
Contraindications of sulfonamides
allergy, allergy to thaizide diuretics, preg (teratogenic)
43
Caution of sulfonamides
renal dx kidney stones
44
DDI
sulfonylureas = increase risk for hypoglycemia cyclosporine = increase risk for renal toxicity
45
Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides
-N/V/D, abd pain, stomatitis -renal effects: hematuria,crystalluria, proteinuria, hyperkalemia -HA, dizzy, stevens-johnsons syndrome, photosensitivity, Bone Marrow depression
46
Assess for sulfonamides
Hx: allergies? renal disease? preg? Phys: skin, HA, dizzy? abd, urinary Labs: culture, renal funct, CBC
47
Nursing Dx
impaired comfort altered sensory perception malnutrition knowledge def
48
Implementation for sulfonamides
Culture renal function labs, CBC (for WBC), UA, glucose preg test full course of abx small freq meals adequate fluid intake safety precautions teaching
49
Tetracyclines
"cycline" tetracycline doxycycline minocycline
50
Action of tetracyclines
bacteriostatic
51
T or F tetracyclines can be substituted for PCN when needed
T
52
Contraindications of Tetracyclines
allergy, preg, hepatic impairment
53
T or F children under 8 should use this drug
F, tetracyclines cause teeth damage
54
DDI
Digoxin w/ tetracyclines = increased Dig toxicity
55
T or F you should administer tetracyclines on an empty stomach
T food hinders absorption
56
ADE for Tetracyclines
GI effects Hepatotoxicity Photosensitivity Damage to teeth and bones Superinfections
57
Assessment for Tetracyclines
Hx: allergy? renal/hep impair? preg? Phys: skin, skeletal, abdomen, teeth Labs: renal/hep function, cultures
58
Nursing dx tetracyclines
impaired comfort malnutrition altered skin integrity knowledge deficit
59
Implement for Tetracyclines
culture renal/hep function labs skin assessment/sunscreen for photosensitive empty stomach w/ full 8 oz glass of water oral hygiene! superinfection monitor
60
Lincosamides
clindamycin lincomycin
61
Lipoglycopeptides
telvancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, vancomycin (most IV only)
62
ADE of lipoglycopeptides (vancs)
nephrotoxicity, prolonged QT, foamy urine
63
Macrolides
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fidaxomicin
64
T or F Fidaxomycin treats C diff but is not absorbed systemically
T
65
Oxazolidinones
tedizolid, linezolid cause HTN
66
T or F Monobactams are given PO only
F Aztreonam is IV/IM only
67
Antimycobacterials/Antituberculosis Drugs
RIPE Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
68
Indications of Antimyco/AntiTB drugs
Treat TB Always used in combination
69
Contraindications
Allergy, renal hepatic failure, preg? lact?
70
DDI
rifampin and isoniazid can cause liver toxicity
71
ADE of Antimyco/AntiTB
HA/dizzy NVD anorexia interferes w/ hormonal BC
72
What is an ADE of Rifampin
Red color to all fluids liver toxicity
73
What is a ADE of Isoniazid
interferes with absoprtion of B6 Neuorpathy Liver toxicity
74
What is an ADE of Ethambutol
blurred vision/color changes
75
Assessment of Antimycos/AntiTB
Allergy? Renal/Hep disease? preg? assess: skin, CNS, GI, resp, renal/hep labs, culture
76
T or F Rifampin may take 6mo - 2 years to take effect?
T, most antimyco/antiTB take a long healing time and long time to be compliant with medication

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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