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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal

A

prevents reproduction of bact

kills bacteria

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2
Q

Gram-positive vs Gram-negative

A

Gram-positive means the cell wall retains a stain
Gram-negative loses a stain

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3
Q

Aerobic vs Anaerobic

A

anaerobic = does not use O2
aerobic = needs O2

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4
Q

MIC

A

minimum amount of concentration to make an impact

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5
Q

T or F you can stop antibiotics half way through

A

F, do not stop, save for later, or share need to finish the whole course of YOURE antibiotics

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6
Q

Tetracyclines cause what adverse effect

A

Teeth breakdown

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects means

A

hearing loss/ringing in the ears

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

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9
Q

Actions of Aminoglycosides

A

Bactericidal

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10
Q

Indications of Aminoglycosides

A

serious bact infection

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11
Q

Contraindications of aminoglycosides

A

anaphylactic allergy
renal/hepatic disease/hearling loss/ myastenia gravis/parkinsons/preg or lact

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12
Q

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity (irreversible)
nephrotoxicity (reversible)
bone marrow depression

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13
Q

DDI

A

penicillins, cephalosporins = ^ effects of both
Loop diuretics = ^ ototoxicity
Parenteral penicillin = renders the aminoglycoside ineffective

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14
Q

Assess of Aminoglycosides

A

Allergy, renal/hepatic disease? Preexisting hearing loss? Myasthenia Gravis? Parkinson’s?
LOC?
Auditory test?
Vital Signs
Culture and sensitivity, renal function, hepatic function, CBC

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15
Q

T or F you MUST complete two sets of cultures before the admin of antibiotics

A

T

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides Nrs Dx

A

Impaired Comfort
Hearing impairment
Inf Risk
Fluid overload
Knowledge deficit

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17
Q

Implementation of aminoglycosides

A

Check cultures
Ensure pt recieves full course
monitor infection site
safety measures for ototoxic
adequate fluids stay well hydrated through therapy
pt teaching

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18
Q

Eval Amnoglycosides

A

Pt response to drug
Effective teaching
Effective comfort
Compliance

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19
Q

Carbapenems

A

“-penem”
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem-cilastin-relebactam
Meropenem
Meopenem

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20
Q

Indications for Cabapenems

A

Bacterial infections

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21
Q

Actions of Carbapenems

A

bactericidal

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22
Q

Carbapenems contraindications

A

allergy, allergy to beta-lactams, kidney disease

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23
Q

T or F Carbapenems should not be used with other drugs because of the risk of seizures

A

T

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24
Q

Adverse Effects

A

toxic GI effects causing dehydration: pseudomembranous colitis, cdiff, N/V
Superinfections
CNS effects

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25
Q

Superinfections

A

antibiotics break down normal flora = affect other systems

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26
Q

Assessment for Cabapenems

A

Hx:contras/cautions, allergy to bactum-lactums, preg?
Orientation/LOC because of sz
C diff, psuedocolitis
VS
Culture, renal function, CBC for WBC

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27
Q

Nursing Dx for Carbapenems

A

Impaired comfort
superinfection risk
knowledge deficit

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28
Q

Implementation Carbapenems

A

culture
full course of antibiotics
monitor infection site/s/s of inf
Safety measures for CNS effects
Provide small frequent meals
Hydration
Pt teaching

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29
Q

Cephalosporins

A

1st gen = cephalexin
2nd gen = cefaclor, cefoxitin, ceuroxime
3rd = cefdinir, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftraixone
4th = ceftolozane
5th = ceftaroline

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30
Q

Actions of Cephalosporins

A

bactericidal
bacteriostatic
(which bacteria and action is dependent on generation)

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31
Q

Containdications of Cephalosporins

A

allergies to penicillin (cross sensitivity)
renal impairment

32
Q

Penicillians

A

“-icillin”
Penicillin G benzathine
Penicillin G Potassium
Penicillin G procaine
Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

33
Q

Actions of Penicillins

A

bactericidal
broad spectrum

34
Q

what are 2nd generation penicillins

A

penicillinase resistant penicllans (stop penicillin resistant bacteria)

35
Q

Contraindications of Penicillins

A

allergy and allergy to cephalosporins
renal disease

36
Q

Adverse effets

A

N/V/D
stomatitis
irritation/infection at injection site
superinfections

37
Q

DDI of Penicillins

A

parenteral aminoglycoisdes which inacitvates aminoglycosides

38
Q

Assessment for penicillins

A

Hx: allergy/renal disease
skin assess/abdominal assess, cultures, renal funct, CBC for WBC

39
Q

Nursing dx for penicillins

A

impaired comfort
malnutrition (GI)
dehydration
knowledge deficit

40
Q

Implementation for Penicillins

A

cultures, renal function, full course of antibiotix, PO must be on empty stomach, monitor site of infection, small frequent meals, oral hygiene, losenges, adequate fluids, monitor for superinf, monitor inj site, pt teaching

41
Q

Sulfonamides

A

“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole

42
Q

Contraindications of sulfonamides

A

allergy, allergy to thaizide diuretics, preg (teratogenic)

43
Q

Caution of sulfonamides

A

renal dx
kidney stones

44
Q

DDI

A

sulfonylureas = increase risk for hypoglycemia
cyclosporine = increase risk for renal toxicity

45
Q

Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides

A

-N/V/D, abd pain, stomatitis
-renal effects: hematuria,crystalluria, proteinuria, hyperkalemia
-HA, dizzy, stevens-johnsons syndrome, photosensitivity, Bone Marrow depression

46
Q

Assess for sulfonamides

A

Hx: allergies? renal disease? preg?
Phys: skin, HA, dizzy? abd, urinary
Labs: culture, renal funct, CBC

47
Q

Nursing Dx

A

impaired comfort
altered sensory perception
malnutrition
knowledge def

48
Q

Implementation for sulfonamides

A

Culture
renal function labs, CBC (for WBC), UA, glucose
preg test
full course of abx
small freq meals
adequate fluid intake
safety precautions
teaching

49
Q

Tetracyclines

A

“cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

50
Q

Action of tetracyclines

A

bacteriostatic

51
Q

T or F tetracyclines can be substituted for PCN when needed

A

T

52
Q

Contraindications of Tetracyclines

A

allergy, preg, hepatic impairment

53
Q

T or F children under 8 should use this drug

A

F, tetracyclines cause teeth damage

54
Q

DDI

A

Digoxin w/ tetracyclines = increased Dig toxicity

55
Q

T or F you should administer tetracyclines on an empty stomach

A

T food hinders absorption

56
Q

ADE for Tetracyclines

A

GI effects
Hepatotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Damage to teeth and bones
Superinfections

57
Q

Assessment for Tetracyclines

A

Hx: allergy? renal/hep impair? preg?
Phys: skin, skeletal, abdomen, teeth
Labs: renal/hep function, cultures

58
Q

Nursing dx tetracyclines

A

impaired comfort
malnutrition
altered skin integrity
knowledge deficit

59
Q

Implement for Tetracyclines

A

culture
renal/hep function labs
skin assessment/sunscreen for photosensitive
empty stomach w/ full 8 oz glass of water
oral hygiene!
superinfection monitor

60
Q

Lincosamides

A

clindamycin
lincomycin

61
Q

Lipoglycopeptides

A

telvancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, vancomycin
(most IV only)

62
Q

ADE of lipoglycopeptides (vancs)

A

nephrotoxicity, prolonged QT, foamy urine

63
Q

Macrolides

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fidaxomicin

64
Q

T or F Fidaxomycin treats C diff but is not absorbed systemically

A

T

65
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

tedizolid, linezolid
cause HTN

66
Q

T or F Monobactams are given PO only

A

F Aztreonam is IV/IM only

67
Q

Antimycobacterials/Antituberculosis Drugs

A

RIPE
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

68
Q

Indications of Antimyco/AntiTB drugs

A

Treat TB
Always used in combination

69
Q

Contraindications

A

Allergy, renal hepatic failure, preg? lact?

70
Q

DDI

A

rifampin and isoniazid can cause liver toxicity

71
Q

ADE of Antimyco/AntiTB

A

HA/dizzy
NVD anorexia
interferes w/ hormonal BC

72
Q

What is an ADE of Rifampin

A

Red color to all fluids
liver toxicity

73
Q

What is a ADE of Isoniazid

A

interferes with absoprtion of B6
Neuorpathy
Liver toxicity

74
Q

What is an ADE of Ethambutol

A

blurred vision/color changes

75
Q

Assessment of Antimycos/AntiTB

A

Allergy? Renal/Hep disease? preg?
assess: skin, CNS, GI, resp, renal/hep labs, culture

76
Q

T or F Rifampin may take 6mo - 2 years to take effect?

A

T, most antimyco/antiTB take a long healing time and long time to be compliant with medication

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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