Antiprotozoal Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the protozoal parasites that cause malaria

A

plasmodium falciparum
plasmodium vivax
plasmodium malariae
plasmodium ovale

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2
Q

Which protozoal parasite is most dangerous

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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3
Q

s/s of Malaria

A

fever/flu
related to the destruction of RBC
liver dysfunction

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4
Q

Why do we use combination therapy against malaria

A

to reduce the resistance to the medication

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5
Q

Antimalarials

A

“quin”
Quinine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine

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6
Q

Quinine is for treatment of

A

uncomplicated malaria

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7
Q

Actions of antimalarials:

A
  1. prevents malaria replication
  2. causes malaria cell death
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8
Q

Life cycle of of malaria

A
  1. mosquito bites human
  2. sporozites become lodged in liver
  3. in human cells malaria replicates
  4. Shizonts grow and multiply in their invaded cells
  5. Merozites enter circulation and invade RBCs
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9
Q

Contraindications

A

known allergy
pregnancy/lact

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10
Q

Cautions

A

liver disease, alcoholism, increase liver toxic
retinal disease or damage; psoriasis or porphyria exacerbated

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Antimalarials

A

HA/Dizzy
N/V/D
hepatic dys
deratological
blindness
ototoxicity

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12
Q

DDI for antimalarials

A

quinine derivatives = cardiac toxic/convulsions
antifolate = bone marrow suppression

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13
Q

Assessment for Antimalarials

A

assess contras/cautions
assess reflexes and muscle strength
eye exam/ear exam
liver func, blood culture
skin assess: color, temp, lesions

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14
Q

Implementation for antimalarials

A

culture before admin
complete course of drug is complete
mark calendar for prophylactic dose
hepatic function, eye and ear funct,
comfort/safety
can take with food

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15
Q

What is important to teach the patient about antimalarials?

A

appropriate dosage regimen and compliance to drug schedule

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16
Q

T or F is the pt condition worsens while taking antimalarials the malaria is not resistant to the med

A

false, if the condition worsens = the malaria is resistant and this should be reported to the MD

17
Q

Amebiasis

18
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

skin lesions

19
Q

trypanosomiasis

A

chagas disease

20
Q

trichomoniasis

21
Q

giardiasis

22
Q

pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

A

immunocompromised HIV

23
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

exposure to cat feces/undercooked meat
(specifically preg moms)

24
Q

Atovaquone

A

prevent/treat pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

25
Metronidazole
treats amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis
26
What is a side effect of metronidazole
urine gets darker and will return to normal after stopping treatment
27
Pentamidine
treats PCP, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis
28
Tinidazole
treats trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis
29
Benzindazole 9
pediatric pt with chagas
30
Pyrimethamine
treatment of toxoplasmosis
31
Actions of other protozoal drugs
inhibit DNA synthesis of their protozoa
32
Cautions of other antiprotozoal
CNS disease, hepatic disease, lact/preg
33
ADE of other antiprotoazoals
HA, Dizzy, ataxia, peripheral neuropathies, loss of coordination, N/V/D
34
DDI for other antiprotozoal
alcohol, anticoalgulants (bleeding), disulfiram (psych issues)
35
Assessment for Antiprotozoals
contras/cautions/DDIs physcial assessment: reflexes, muscles, lesions, color, temp, liver labs, cultures
36
T or F antiprotozoal agents can leave a metallic taste in the mouth
T
37