Antiprotozoal Agents

Question 1

What are the protozoal parasites that cause malaria

Answer 1

plasmodium falciparum
plasmodium vivax
plasmodium malariae
plasmodium ovale

Question 2

Which protozoal parasite is most dangerous

Answer 2

Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 3

s/s of Malaria

Answer 3

fever/flu
related to the destruction of RBC
liver dysfunction

Question 4

Why do we use combination therapy against malaria

Answer 4

to reduce the resistance to the medication

Question 5

Antimalarials

Answer 5

“quin”
Quinine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine

Question 6

Quinine is for treatment of

Answer 6

uncomplicated malaria

Question 7

Actions of antimalarials:

Answer 7

1. prevents malaria replication
2. causes malaria cell death

Question 8

Life cycle of of malaria

Answer 8

1. mosquito bites human
2. sporozites become lodged in liver
3. in human cells malaria replicates
4. Shizonts grow and multiply in their invaded cells
5. Merozites enter circulation and invade RBCs

Question 9

Contraindications

Answer 9

known allergy
pregnancy/lact

Question 10

Cautions

Answer 10

liver disease, alcoholism, increase liver toxic
retinal disease or damage; psoriasis or porphyria exacerbated

Question 11

Adverse effects of Antimalarials

Answer 11

HA/Dizzy
N/V/D
hepatic dys
deratological
blindness
ototoxicity

Question 12

DDI for antimalarials

Answer 12

quinine derivatives = cardiac toxic/convulsions
antifolate = bone marrow suppression

Question 13

Assessment for Antimalarials

Answer 13

assess contras/cautions
assess reflexes and muscle strength
eye exam/ear exam
liver func, blood culture
skin assess: color, temp, lesions

Question 14

Implementation for antimalarials

Answer 14

culture before admin
complete course of drug is complete
mark calendar for prophylactic dose
hepatic function, eye and ear funct,
comfort/safety
can take with food

Question 15

What is important to teach the patient about antimalarials?

Answer 15

appropriate dosage regimen and compliance to drug schedule

Question 16

T or F is the pt condition worsens while taking antimalarials the malaria is not resistant to the med

Answer 16

false, if the condition worsens = the malaria is resistant and this should be reported to the MD

Question 17

Amebiasis

Answer 17

disentary

Question 18

Leishmaniasis

Answer 18

skin lesions

Question 19

trypanosomiasis

Answer 19

chagas disease

Question 20

trichomoniasis

Answer 20

vaginitis

Question 21

giardiasis

Answer 21

diarrhea

Question 22

pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 22

immunocompromised HIV

Question 23

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 23

exposure to cat feces/undercooked meat
(specifically preg moms)

Question 24

Atovaquone

Answer 24

prevent/treat pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Question 25

Metronidazole

Answer 25

treats amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis

Question 26

What is a side effect of metronidazole

Answer 26

urine gets darker and will return to normal after stopping treatment

Question 27

Pentamidine

Answer 27

treats PCP, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis

Question 28

Tinidazole

Answer 28

treats trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis

Question 29

Benzindazole 9

Answer 29

pediatric pt with chagas

Question 30

Pyrimethamine

Answer 30

treatment of toxoplasmosis

Question 31

Actions of other protozoal drugs

Answer 31

inhibit DNA synthesis of their protozoa

Question 32

Cautions of other antiprotozoal

Answer 32

CNS disease, hepatic disease, lact/preg

Question 33

ADE of other antiprotoazoals

Answer 33

HA, Dizzy, ataxia, peripheral neuropathies, loss of coordination, N/V/D

Question 34

DDI for other antiprotozoal

Answer 34

alcohol, anticoalgulants (bleeding), disulfiram (psych issues)

Question 35

Assessment for Antiprotozoals

Answer 35

contras/cautions/DDIs
physcial assessment: reflexes, muscles, lesions, color, temp, liver labs, cultures

Question 36

T or F antiprotozoal agents can leave a metallic taste in the mouth

Answer 36

T